WA1894#A14 Wai 203 and Wai 339 Research Report Ewan Johnston A Report Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal June 2002 Table of Contents Table of Contents ....................................................................................................................................... 1 List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. 3 List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... 4 List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................. 4 Section 1: Introduction to this Commission ........................................................................... 5 1.1 The Author ......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 The Wai 203 and Wai 339 Clams ................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Wai 203 ...................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Wai 339 ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Overlap with the Waitangi Tribunal's Ohiwa Harbour Report.. ................................................ g 1.4 The Wai 203/339 Research Report ............................................................................................... 10 1.5 Methodology ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Section 2: Upokorehe before the New Zealand Wars ............................................................ 11 2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Upokorehe's Relationship with Whakatohea and Tuhoe .......................................................... 15 2.3 The Impact of Inter-Tribal Conflicts ............................................................................................ 17 2.4 Contested Boundaries ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 26 Section 3: Upokorehe and the New Zealand Wars ............................................................... 28 3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 28 3.2 The Death ofVolkner ..................................................................................................................... 29 3.3 The Proclamation of Peace and the assault on the eastern Bay of Plenty ............................... 31 3.4 The Trial and Execution of Mokomoko ...................................................................................... 38 3.5 Mokomoko's Posthumous Pardon................................................................................................ 43 3.6 The Impact of Continuing Conflict in the Eastern Bay of Plenty ............................................ 45 3.7 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 47 Section 4: Raupatu - The Confiscation of Eastern Bay of Plenty Lands .............................. 49 4.1 Confiscation ...................................................................................................................................... 49 4.2 Wilson's Out-of-Court Arrangements .......................................................................................... 55 4.3 The Crown Grants of Hiwarau Block and Hokianga Island ..................................................... 56 4.4 The Compensation Court ............................................................................................................... 63 4.5 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................................ 68 1 Section 5: The Hiwarau Block .............................................................................................. 68 5.1 Nineteenth Century Native Land Court Claims ......................................................................... ;68 5.2 The 1935 and 1937 Petitions regarding Hiwarau ........................................................................ 71 5.3 Other Upokorehe Interests ............................................................................................................ 74 5.4 The Partition and Fragmentation of Hiwarau ............................................................................. 75 5.5 The Creation of Hiwarau C in 1969 .............................................................................................. 79 5.5. 1 Amalgamation and the role of the Maori Trustee ......................................................................... 80 5.5.2 The Hiwarau amalgamation hearings .......................................................................................... 81 5.5.3 Opposition to, and amendment of, the application ......................................................................... 88 5.5.4 The vesting ofHiwarau C in the Maori Trustee ........................................................................... 89 5.5.5 The extent to which Hiwarau owners participated in the amalgamation proceedings ....................... 91 Section 6: Hiwarau arid theMaoaTr1.iste:e:196~;.;1992~~;; ...................... ;;;; ••• ; .•••••.•• " .• , ••.•••..•• 92 6.1 1969-1981 .......................................................................................................................................... 92 6.2 Hiwarau Lands Trust, 1981 ............................................................................................................ 96 6.3 The Continuing Problem of the de Loree leases ......................................................................... 98 6.4 The Re-evaluation of the de Loree leases in 1985 .................................................................... 103 6.5 Attempts by the Office of the Maori Trustee to resolve the situation .................................. 107 6.6 The Re-entry and Surrender of the de Loree Leases, and the Owners' Growing Dissatisfaction with the Maori Trustee ....................................................................................... 108 6.7 The Wai 339 Claim, and the Actions of Hiwarau Owners against the Maori Trustee ....... 111 6.8 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................... 115 Section 7: Hiwarau from 1992 to the Present ....................................................................... 117 7.1 Post-Maori Trustee Administration of the Hiwarau block...................................................... 117 7.2 The Removal of Hiwarau B1A from Hiwarau C in 1993 ........................................................ 120 7.3 Attempts to Cancel the Amalgamation of Hiwarau C ............................................................. 121 7.4 The Alienation of Hiwarau Land................................................................................................. 123 7.4.1 Matekerepu Historic Reserve ..................................................................................................... 123 7.4.2 Maori Reservations ................................................................................................................... 127 7.4.3 Hiwarau B3C .......................................................................................................................... 127 7.5 Hokianga Island ............................................................................................................................. 129 7.6 Hiwarau Today ............................................................................................................................... 129 Section 8: Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 130 Bibliography 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'" ......................... 134 Appendices ...........................................................................................................................138 Appendix 1: Waitangi Tribunal Direction Commissioning the Wai 203/339 Research Report.138 Appendix 2: The Wai 203 and Wai 339 Statements of Claim .......................................................... 139 2 List of Figures Figure 1: Map of OWwa Harbour, showing Hiwarau block and Hokianga Island (Source: Department of Survey and Land Information Topomap WHAKATANE, Infomap 260 W15 & W13/14, Edition 11988) ........................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Map submitted by Ngati Awa showing their view of their boundary with Whakatohea (Source: