FREESTYLE SKIING International Federation: Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS) Countries Affiliated: 120 (November 2013) Year of Formation: 1924 First Year of Olympic Appearance: 1992 Olympic History: Freestyle skiing is a newer discipline within the sport of skiing. It has roots in Scandinavia, similar to all skiing disciplines, but its primary development occurred in North America. In the 1930s Norwegian skiiers used ski acrobatics in training for cross-country and alpine competitions. It was considered an acceptable part of training but not a true competitive sport. In the United States, freestyle skiing developed as a part of professional ski exhibitions early in the 20th century. Standardized competitions began in the 1960s with the first freestyle skiing event taking place in Waterville Valley, New Hampshire in 1966. The first professional competitions were held in 1971 and the World Cup freestyle tour began in 1980. In 1979, the Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS) recognized freestyle skiing as an amateur sport. The first World Championships were contested in 1986 in Tignes, France. There are multiple different events in freestyle skiing – moguls, aeriels, halfpipe, slopestyle, and skiier-cross. A combined event has also been contested at the World Championships, and ballet used to be a popular freestyle event, but less so in the 2010s. Freestyle skiing was contested as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Olympic Winter Games, with competition for men and women in all three events. Freestyle became an Olympic medal sport beginning in 1992 at Albertville. The only event at Albertville was moguls, but aeriels were added in 1994. In 2010 a new event was added, termed skiier-cross, similar to the boardercross event in snowboarding. In 2014 at Sochi, halfpipe and slopestyle events will be added to the Olympic Program. As of November 2013, there are 120 member nations affiliated to the FIS. This makes it the largest International Sporting Federation for any winter sport. The FIS governs what it terms six disciplines of skiing – alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing, and snowboarding. Cross-country, ski jumping, and Nordic combined are often termed one sport of Nordic skiing. The 120 member nations of FIS are as follows: Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, China, Chinese Taipei, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, DPR Korea (North), Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Great Britain, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marocco, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor- Leste, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, US Virgin Islands, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. Freestyle Skiing Olympic Program Event Class 1992 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 Totals Début Moguls M x x x x x x x 7 1992 Aeriels M x x x x x x 6 1994 Skier-Cross M x x 2 2010 Halfpipe M x 1 2014 Slopestyle M x 1 2014 Moguls F x x x x x x x 7 1992 Aeriels F x x x x x x 6 1994 Skier-Cross F x x 2 2010 Halfpipe F x 1 2014 Slopestyle F x 1 2014 Totals M 1 2 2 2 2 3 5 17 Totals F 1 2 2 2 2 3 5 17 Totals All 2 4 4 4 4 6 10 34 Freestyle Skiing Competitors by Nation NOC Overall 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G Men 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G Wom 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G Argentina 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Armenia 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Australia 24 14 7 1 2 0 12 9 2 0 1 0 12 5 5 1 1 0 Austria 11 9 1 1 0 0 5 4 1 0 0 0 6 5 0 1 0 0 Belarus 13 7 3 1 2 0 10 5 3 0 2 0 3 2 0 1 0 0 Belarus / Ukraine 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 Canada 49 30 12 6 1 0 25 14 6 4 1 0 24 16 6 2 0 0 China 15 5 5 5 0 0 6 2 2 2 0 0 9 3 3 3 0 0 Czech Republic 8 5 1 2 0 0 4 3 0 1 0 0 4 2 1 1 0 0 Denmark 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 Finland 12 7 1 2 1 1 11 7 1 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 France 33 24 8 1 0 0 26 20 6 0 0 0 7 4 2 1 0 0 Germany 15 12 2 1 0 0 5 4 1 0 0 0 10 8 1 1 0 0 Great Britain 14 11 3 0 0 0 8 6 2 0 0 0 6 5 1 0 0 0 Italy 14 7 6 1 0 0 10 6 4 0 0 0 4 1 2 1 0 0 Jamaica 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Japan 24 17 4 0 2 1 17 14 2 0 1 0 7 3 2 0 1 1 Kazakhstan 7 4 3 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 5 3 2 0 0 0 Kazakhstan / Unified Team 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Korea (South) 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 Latvia 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Netherlands, The 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 New Zealand 3 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 Norway 12 8 2 1 1 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 8 4 2 1 1 0 Poland 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Portugal 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Puerto Rico 2 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Romania 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Russia 27 16 7 2 2 0 15 11 3 1 0 0 12 5 4 1 2 0 Russia / Unified Team 4 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 0 Slovenia 6 4 2 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 Spain 5 4 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 Sweden 25 16 7 2 0 0 17 11 6 0 0 0 8 5 1 2 0 0 Switzerland 30 23 6 0 1 0 17 14 3 0 0 0 13 9 3 0 1 0 Ukraine 14 7 4 2 1 0 6 2 2 1 1 0 8 5 2 1 0 0 Unified Team 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Unified Team / Uzbekistan 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 United States 51 31 13 5 2 0 32 23 7 1 1 0 19 8 6 4 1 0 Uzbekistan 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 Totals 439 281 105 34 17 2 253 175 57 12 8 1 186 106 48 22 9 1 Overall: 39 Geopolitical entities (GPEs), 35 NOCs; Men: 32 GPEs, 30 NOCs; Women: 32 GPEs, 29 NOCs. Most Medals 3 Kari Traa (NOR) 2 Janne Lahtela (FIN) 2 Jennifer Heil (CAN) 2 Dale Begg-Smith (AUS) 2 Stine Lise Hattestad (NOR) 2 Tae Satoya (JPN) 2 Edgar Grospiron (FRA) 2 Aleksey Grishin (BLR) 2 Alisa Camplin (AUS) 2 Li Nina (CHN) 2 Yelizaveta Kozhevnikova (EUN/RUS) 2 Dmitry Dashchinsky (BLR) 2 Shannon Bahrke (USA) Most Gold Medals 1 24 athletes tied with one. Most Appearances, Men 5 Janne Lahtela (FIN, 1992-2006) 4 Aleksey Bannikov (EUN/KAZ, 1992-2002) 4 Eric Bergoust (USA, 1994-2006) 4 Jean-Luc Brassard (CAN, 1992-2002) 4 Adrian Costa (AUS, 1992-2002) 4 Yugo Tsukita (JPN, 1998-2010) 4 Dmitry Dashchinsky (BLR, 1998-2010) 4 Aleksey Grishin (BLR, 1998-2010) 4 Stanislav Kravchuk (UKR, 1998-2010) 3 12 athletes tied with three. Most Appearances, Women 5 Tae Satoya (JPN, 1994-2010) 4 Ann Battelle (USA, 1992-2002) 4 Jacqui Cooper (AUS, 1994-2010) 4 Lyudmila Dymchenko (RUS, 1994-2006) 4 Minna Karhu (FIN, 1992-2002) 4 Marina Cherkasova (RUS, 1994-2010) 4 Kari Traa (NOR, 1992-2006) 4 Alla Tsuper (BLR/UKR, 1998-2010) 4 Evelyne Leu (SUI, 1998-2010) 4 Aiko Uemura (JPN, 1998-2010) Longest Span of Appearances, Men 14 Janne Lahtela (FIN-FRS; 1992-2006) 12 Eric Bergoust (USA-FRS; 1994-2006) 12 Yugo Tsukita (JPN-FRS; 1998-2010) 12 Dmitry Dashchinsky (BLR-FRS; 1998-2010) 12 Aleksey Grishin (BLR-FRS; 1998-2010) 12 Stanislav Kravchuk (UKR-FRS; 1998-2010) 10 Aleksey Bannikov (EUN/KAZ-FRS; 1992-2002) 10 Jean-Luc Brassard (CAN-FRS; 1992-2002) 10 Adrian Costa (AUS-FRS; 1992-2002) 8 12 athletes tied with eight.