IJARSCT ISSN (Online) 2581-9429 International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT) Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2021 Impact Factor: 4.819 Voice Based Search Engine for Visually Impaired People’s S. Chinnadurai1, Muhammed Fazal2, M.Santhakumar3, S.Suseendran4 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering1 UG Students, Department of Computer Science and Engineering2,3,4 Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Engineering College, Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract: World Wide Web (WWW) is rapidly emerging as the universal information source for our society. The WWW is generally accessible using a web-browsing package from a networked computer. The design of information on the web is visually oriented. The reliance on visual presentation places high cognitive demands on a user to operate such a system. The interaction may sometimes require the full attention of a user. The design of information presentation on the web is predominately visual- oriented. This presentation approach requires most, if not all, of the user’s attention and imposes considerable cognitive load on a user. This approach is not always practical, especially for the visually impaired persons. The focus of this project is to develop a prototype which supports web browsing using speech-based interface, e.g. a phone, and to measure its effectiveness. The command input and the delivery of web contents are entirely in voice. Audio icons are built into the prototype so that users can have better understanding of the original structure/intent of a web page. Navigation and control commands are available to enhance the web browsing experience. The effectiveness of this prototype is evaluated in a user study involving both normally sighted and visually impaired people. Voice may also be offered as an adjunct to conventional desktop browsers with high resolution graphical displays, providing an accessible alternative to using the keyboard or screen, for instance in automobiles where hands/eyes free operation is essential. Voice interaction can escape the physical limitations on keypads and displays as mobile devices become ever smaller. The browser will have an integrated text extraction engine that inspects the content of the page to construct a structured representation. The internal nodes of the structure represent various levels of abstraction of the content. This helps in easy and flexible navigation of the page so as to rapidly home into objects of interest. Keywords: World Wide Web, Visual Presentation, Cognitive, Speech-Based-Interface, Conventional Desktop Browsers, Text Extraction, Structured Representation, Abstraction of content I. INTRODUCTION Web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. Unlike web directories, which are maintained only by human editors, search engines also maintain real time information by running an algorithm on a web crawler. II. RELEVANT WORK A Web crawler, sometimes called a spider or spiderbot and often shortened to crawler, is an Internet bot that systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing (web spidering). Web search engines and some other websites use Web crawling or spidering software to update their web content or indices of other sites' web content. Web crawlers copy pages for processing by a search engine, which indexes the downloaded pages so that users can search more efficiently. Crawlers consume resources on visited systems and often visit sites without approval. Issues of schedule, load, and "politeness" come into play when large collections of pages are accessed. Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 233 www.ijarsct.co.in IJARSCT ISSN (Online) 2581-9429 International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT) Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2021 Impact Factor: 4.819 Mechanisms exist for public sites not wishing to be crawled to make this known to the crawling agent. Web indexing, or internet indexing, comprises methods for indexing the contents of a website or of the Internet as a whole. Individual websites or intranets may use a back of-the-book index, while search engines usually use keywords and metadata to provide a more useful vocabulary for Internet or onsite searching. With the increase in the number of periodicals that have articles online, web indexing is also becoming important for periodical websites. The most productive way to conduct a search on the internet is through a search engine. A web search engine is a software system designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred to as search engine results pages (SEROs). The information may be a mix of web pages, images, and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open directories. The top web search engines are Google, Bing, Yahoo, Ask.com, and AOL.com. For the purpose of this course, we will be searching using the Google Chrome web browser, and search first with the Google search engine and then Microsoft’s Bing search engine. The search results are generally presented in a line of results, often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs) The information may be a mix of links to web pages, images, videos, info graphics. 2.1 Voice Based Search Engine The web is primarily a visual medium that requires a keyboard and mouse to navigate. People, who lack motor skills to use a keyboard and mouse, find navigation troublesome. Visually impaired people have problems in accessing the web. Those who temporarily cannot use a traditional web browser, as their eyes or hands are occupied or because they are not closer to their computer are at a minimum inconvenienced. Speech recognition and generation technologies offer a potential solution to these problems by augmenting the capabilities of a web browser. Speech recognition accuracy can be improved in many ways, time frequency distribution; HMM approach, Bayesian classification, wavelet transformation domain or combination of such approaches can be used. Advances in voice recognition have made possible applications in robotics controlled by voice alone. 2.2 User Voice A voice-user interface (VUI) makes human interaction with computers possible through a voice/speech platform in order to initiate an automated service or process. A VUI is the interface to any speech application. Controlling a machine by simply talking to it was science fiction only a short time ago. Until recently, this area was considered to be artificial intelligence. However, with advances in technology, VUIs have become more commonplace, and people are taking advantage of the value that these handsfree, eyes-free interfaces provided in many situations. 2.3 Speech Recognition Language Language models are used to constrain search in a decoder by limiting the number of possible words that need to be considered at any one point in the search. The consequence is faster execution and higher accuracy. Language models constrain search either absolutely (by enumerating some small subset of possible expansions) or probabilistically (by computing a likelihood for each possible successor word). The former will usually have an associated grammar this is compiled down into a graph, the latter will be trained from a corpus. Statistical language models (SLMs) are good for free-form input, such as dictation or spontaneous speech, where it's not practical or possible to a priori specify all possible legal word sequences. Trigram SLMs are probably the most common ones used in ASR and represent a good balance between complexity and robust estimation. 2.4 Server Database A database server is a server which houses a database application that provides database services to other computer programs or to computers, as defined by the client–server model. Database management systems frequently provide database-server functionality, and some database management systems (DBMSs) (such as MySQL) rely exclusively on the client–server model for database access (while others e.g. SQLite are meant for using as an embedded database). Copyright to IJARSCT DOI: 10.48175/568 234 www.ijarsct.co.in IJARSCT ISSN (Online) 2581-9429 International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology (IJARSCT) Volume 4, Issue 2, April 2021 Impact Factor: 4.819 Users access a database server either through a "front end" running on the user's computer – which displays requested data – or through the "back end", which runs on the server and handles tasks such as data analysis and storage. In a master-slave model, database master servers are central and primary locations of data while database slave servers are synchronized backups of the master acting as proxies. Most database applications respond to a query language. Each database understands its query language and converts each submitted query to server readable form and executes it to retrieve results. 2.5 Web Page Content Web content is the textual, visual, or aural content that is encountered as part of the user experience on websites. It may include—among other things—text, images, sounds, videos, and animations. Search engine sites are composed mainly of HTML content, but also have a typically structured approach to revealing information. A Search Engine Results Page (SERP) displays a heading, usually the name of the search engine itself, and then a list of websites and their web addresses. The list of web addresses is listed by their order of relevance according to the search query. Searchers typically type in keywords or keyword phrases to find or search what they are looking for on the web. In this case, a website provides a blank space where web content is written in the form of paragraphs and bullets.