United States Department of Agriculture Santa Fe National Forest Plan Final Assessment Report Volume II. Socioeconomic Resources Forest Service Santa Fe National Forests June 2016 In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: [email protected]. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer and lender. Forest Plan Assessment Report Santa Fe National Forest Volume II. Social and Economic Resources Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 Organization of report .............................................................................................................................. 1 Ecosystem Services .................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1. Assessing Cultural and Historic Resources and Uses ................................................................. 3 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Context for Assessing Cultural Resources and Uses ................................................................................ 4 The Legal Context .................................................................................................................................... 5 History of Cultural Resource Management on the Santa Fe National Forest ........................................... 6 Cultural Resource Data for the Santa Fe National Forest ......................................................................... 6 Native American Views of their Historic Origins .................................................................................. 22 Description of Cultural and Historic Resources ..................................................................................... 22 Description of Historic Properties .......................................................................................................... 24 Distribution of Cultural Resources ......................................................................................................... 29 Characteristics of Cultural and Historic Importance .............................................................................. 35 Current Condition of Known Cultural and Historic Resources, and Trend Affecting their Condition and Use .......................................................................................................................................................... 36 Contribution of Cultural and Historic Resources to Social, Economic, and Ecological Sustainability . 40 Chapter 2. Assessing Areas of Tribal Importance ...................................................................................... 45 Indian Tribes associated with the plan area ............................................................................................ 45 Existing tribal rights ............................................................................................................................... 46 Areas of known tribal importance that are in the plan area or affected by management of the plan area ................................................................................................................................................................ 47 Input Received from Public Meetings .................................................................................................... 52 Chapter 3. Assessing Social, Cultural, and Economic Sustainability ......................................................... 54 Section I: The Social, Cultural, and Economic Context of the Santa Fe National Forest ...................... 54 Section II: Social and Economic Influences on the Plan Area ............................................................... 73 Section III: How the Plan Area Influences Key Social, Cultural, and Economic Conditions ................ 79 Input Received from Public Meetings .................................................................................................... 89 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 91 Chapter 4. Extractive Multiple Uses and Their Contributions to Local, Regional, and National Economies .................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Timber .................................................................................................................................................... 92 Ecosystem Services ................................................................................................................................ 99 Range and Grazing ............................................................................................................................... 101 Water .................................................................................................................................................... 108 Ecosystem Services .............................................................................................................................. 119 Fish and Wildlife .................................................................................................................................. 121 Ecosystem Services .............................................................................................................................. 126 Chapter 5. Recreational Settings, Opportunities, Access, and Scenic Character ...................................... 129 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 129 Recreational Opportunity Spectrum ..................................................................................................... 129 Trends in Recreation ............................................................................................................................. 134 Contents i Santa Fe National Forest Summary ............................................................................................................................................... 170 Scenic Character ................................................................................................................................... 174 Chapter 6. Assessing Designated Areas .................................................................................................... 193 Contribution to social, economic, and ecological sustainability .......................................................... 195 Wilderness ............................................................................................................................................ 195 Wild and Scenic Rivers ........................................................................................................................ 200 Chapter 7. Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................... 225 Roads .................................................................................................................................................... 225 Road System Condition and Maintenance ............................................................................................ 226 Chapter 8. Assessing Land Status and Ownership, Use, and