Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 List of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................ 3 Assessment of Aggregates Supply ............................................................................ 5 Secondary and recycled aggregates ...................................................................... 5 Sand and Gravel ..................................................................................................... 9 Crushed Rock ....................................................................................................... 15 Imports .................................................................................................................. 17 Future Aggregate Demand, Supply Options and Constraints ................................... 19 Indicators of demand ............................................................................................ 21 Findings of analysis .............................................................................................. 21 Forecast for provision ........................................................................................... 22 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 26 Appendices .............................................................................................................. 27 Appendix 1: Sales and Reserves Data for Aggregate Minerals ............................ 27 Appendix 2: Data relating to Housing and Employment Land Provision ............... 29 Appendix 3: Assessment of Environmental Constraints Associated with Aggregate Quarries ................................................................................................................ 33 Appendix 4: Aggregate Recycling Facilities in Staffordshire and Stoke on Trent . 37 1 Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 2 Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 Introduction 1. The most significant minerals produced in Staffordshire in terms of quantity are minerals used as aggregate material. These construction minerals are fundamental to building development, other construction, manufacturing and maintenance of infrastructure and are therefore essential to support sustainable economic growth and our quality of life. 2. The Government requires that mineral planning authorities including Staffordshire County Council should plan for a steady and adequate supply of aggregates. To support this planning, there is a requirement to prepare an annual Local Aggregate Assessment. This report provides the first Local Aggregate Assessment produced by Staffordshire County Council in accordance with the National Planning Policy Framework and guidance on the Managed Aggregate Supply System (MASS) issued by Government in October 2012. 3. The purpose of the Local Aggregate Assessment is to establish whether there is a shortage or surplus of supply and to provide evidence for determining the level of provision of mineral aggregates to be used in the preparation of a new Minerals Local Plan for Staffordshire. The Local Aggregate Assessment will be submitted to the Aggregate Working Party (a technical advisory body) for the West Midlands area for scrutiny and for technical advice on the adequacy of the Assessment. 4. For clarification, this Local Aggregate Assessment takes into account the supply and demand of aggregates for Staffordshire including the area administered by Stoke-on-Trent City Council but does not include that part of Staffordshire within the Peak District National Park. There are no aggregate minerals produced in the City of Stoke-on-Trent and that part of the National Park within Staffordshire but in the City of Stoke-on-Trent, there are facilities where construction, demolition and excavation waste is recycled to produce aggregates. 5. The first section of the report provides evidence relating to the supply of aggregates in Staffordshire and then the report assesses relevant information to provide a forecast for demand and the need for identifying additional aggregate mineral resources. 3 Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 Figure1: Aggregate quarries in Staffordshire 2011 4 Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 Assessment of Aggregates Supply 6. The first section of this report provides an analysis of the sources of supply of aggregates in Staffordshire. Secondary and recycled aggregates 7. National policy requires that so far as practicable, account should be taken of secondary and recycled materials before considering extraction of minerals and national guidelines for the provision of aggregate minerals1 include assumptions for the supply of aggregates from secondary and recycled materials referred to as “alternative sources”. 8. Secondary aggregates are produced as a by-product of other industrial processes and can be sub-divided into “manufactured by products” or “natural by products”. Examples of sources of secondary aggregate are listed in the table below: Table 1: Classification of sources of recycled and secondary aggregates Recycled Secondary Manufactured Natural Recycled aggregate (RA) Blast furnace slag Slate aggregate Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) Steel slag China clay sand Recycled Pulverized-fuel ash asphalt (PFA) Colliery spoil Recycled asphalt planings Incinerator bottom (RAP) ash (IBA) Spent rail Furnace bottom ash ballast (FBA) Used foundry sand Spent oil shale Recycled glass Recycled plastic Recycled tyres 9. No figures are available on the production of secondary aggregates in Staffordshire only but a survey2 undertaken on behalf of Government estimated that for the combined area of Staffordshire and Shropshire the following amounts of secondary aggregate were produced in 2005: 1 National and regional guidelines for aggregates provision in England 2005-2020 2 Other Materials Survey 2005 - CLG 5 Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 Table 2: Estimates for the production of secondary aggregate in Staffordshire and Shropshire Source Quantity of secondary % of West Midlands aggregate production Furnace Bottom Ash (FBA 0.08 100 Incinerator bottom ash 0.02 20 (IBA) Pulverised fuel ash (PFA) 0.08 100 Source: Other Materials Survey 2005 – Department of Communities and Local Government 10. The survey also indicated that 0.01 million tonnes of aggregate from ceramic waste was produced in the West Midlands, recognising that the white ware industry is now all located around Stoke-on-Trent. In relation to the future production of aggregate from PFA produced at Rugeley Power Station there is a possibility that the production of secondary aggregate material will diminish if power generation is changed to burning biomass because the volume of ash is reduced and its content is altered such that it would no longer be suitable for aggregate use. 11. Recycled aggregates are produced by recycling construction and demolition wastes and the types of recycled aggregate are listed in table 1 above. As with secondary aggregates, it is difficult to gather evidence of locally produced aggregate from waste recycling operations but evidence suggests that the recycling of construction, demolition and excavation wastes produces more aggregate than secondary sources. A survey commissioned by Government3 estimated that in 2005 for the combined area of Staffordshire and Shropshire 1.58 million tonnes of aggregate was produced from waste recycling sources (based on assessing the recycling carried out by mobile plant at construction and demolition sites). The report included a warning that the estimate should not be relied upon as anything other than a reasonable indication of arisings and should only be used with caution to provide contextual background. A survey undertaken on behalf of the West Midlands Regional Aggregates Working Party of recycled aggregate produced at waste recycling facilities in Staffordshire and Stoke-on-Trent found that 84,000 tonnes4 of aggregate was produced in 2006. This figure did not account for aggregate material produced at construction and demolition sites where temporary recycling operations are undertaken. 3 Construction, Demolition and Excavation Waste Survey 2005 4 Based on 9 survey returns out of 16 6 Draft Staffordshire Local Aggregate Assessment 2013 12. In view of the difficulties with data for establishing the scale of aggregate production from recycling wastes, it is useful to identify evidence of trends in terms of waste arisings and capacity to recycle construction, demolition and excavation wastes. Government is required to monitor the generation of this waste stream to ensure that it meets the requirements of the revised EU Waste Framework Directive that includes a requirement for Member states to recover a minimum of 70% of the waste generated by the construction and demolition sector by 2020. Estimates are provided of the amount of CDEW that is recycled as aggregate and soil and although changes have been made to the methodology of estimating figures, the figures show a steady rate of recycling with a decline coincident with the downturn of national construction activity. Table 3: Construction, demolition and excavation wastes and recyclates produced in England 2005 – 2010 Year Total CDEW Recycled Recycled soils arisings (tonnes) aggregate from excavation produced from sector in England C&D sector in (tonnes) England (tonnes) 2005 88,630,000 42,070,000 4,360,000 2008 94,545,906 43,520,000