FALL 2012 - Volume 59, Number 3 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG Air Force Historical Foundation P.O. Box 790 Clinton, MD 20735-0790 To: Air Force Historical Foundation P.O. Box 790 Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Visit Us Online at: afhistoricalfoundation.org The Air Force Historical Foundation Founded on May 27, 1953 by Gen Carl A. “Tooey” Spaatz MEMBERSHIP BENEFITS and other air power pioneers, the Air Force Historical All members receive our exciting and informative Foundation (AFHF) is a nonprofi t tax exempt organization. Air Power History Journal, either electronically or It is dedicated to the preservation, perpetuation and on paper, covering: all aspects of aerospace history appropriate publication of the history and traditions of Know the Past, American aviation, with emphasis on the U.S. Air Force, its • Chronicles the great campaigns and predecessor organizations, and the men and women whose the great leaders Shape lives and dreams were devoted to fl ight. The Foundation • Eyewitness accounts and historical articles serves all components of the United States Air Force— the Future Active, Reserve and Air National Guard. • In depth resources to museums and activities, to keep members connected to the latest and AFHF strives to make available to the public and greatest events. today’s government planners and decision makers AIR FORCE HISTORICAL FOUNDATION MEMBERSHIP FORM information that is relevant and informative about Preserve the legacy, stay connected: all aspects of air and space power. By doing so, the NAME PHONE E-MAIL ____________________ • Membership helps preserve the legacy of current Foundation hopes to assure the nation profi ts from past STREET ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP and future US air force personnel. experiences as it helps keep the U.S. Air Force the most J Associate Membership ($25/year) (on-line magazine access) (Visit our Web site at www.afhistoricalfoundation.org) • Provides reliable and accurate accounts of modern and effective military force in the world. J Sustaining Membership ($45/year) GIFT FOR (NAME) historical events. J The Foundation’s four primary activities include a Gift Membership ($45/year) J Life Membership (Inquiries to the F oundation) ADDRESS quarterly journal Air Power History, a book program, a • Establish connections between generations. Become a Patron or Contributor (Please ask) CITY STATE ZIP biennial symposium, and an awards program. * Non-US recipients please add $8.00 for postage (See Web site for additional membership options) J Check enclosed, payable in US Funds to Air Force Historical Foundation Send form, along with your remittance to: J Please charge my credit card (VISA/MasterCard/Discover) Air Force Historical Foundation CARD NUMBER: __________________________________________ EXPIRATION DATE: __________ P.O. Box 790 SIGNATURE: ______________________________________________ DATE: ______________________ Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Fall 2012 -Volume 59, Number 3 WWW.AFHISTORICALFOUNDATION.ORG Features Laying the Foundation of a Mighty Air Force: Civilian Schools and Primary Flight Training during World War II Stephen G. Craft 4 Shootout at Rabaul Richard L. Dunn 14 The Korean People’s Air Force in the Fatherland Liberation War: Part I Douglas C. Dildy 28 The Korean War and the Maturation of SAC Reconnaissance William Cahill 38 Book Reviews Arctic Mission: 90 North by Airship and Submarine By William F. Althoff. Review by John F. O’Connell 54 Joe Rochefort’s War: The Odyssey of the Codebreaker who Outwitted Yamamoto at Midway By Elliott Carlson. Review by Al Mongeon 54 German Aces Speak: World War II Through the Eyes of Four of the Luftwaffe’s Most Important Commanders By Colin D. Heaton & Anne-Marie Lewis. Review by Daniel J. Simonsen 55 Introducing..The Sky Blazers: The Adventures of a Special Band of Troops that Entertained the Allied Forces During World War II By Jack Jacobson. Review by Ray Hain 55 The Other Cold War: Canada’s Military Assistance to the Developing World 1945-1975 By Christopher R. Kilford. Review by John Cirafici 55 History of Rocketry and Astronau tics: IAA History Symposia 1967-2000—Abstracts and Index of Papers Presented at the 1st through 34th History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics By Hervé Moulin, ed. History of Rocketry and Astronau tics: Proceedings of the 38th History Symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada By Å. Ingemar Skoog, ed. History of Rocketry and Astronautics: Procee dings of the 39th History Symposium of the International Academy of Astronautics, Fukuoka, Japan, 2005 By Emily Springer, ed. Three Reviews by Richard P. Hallion 56 Submarine Operational Effectiveness in the 20th Century: Part Two (1939-1945) By John F. O’Connell. Review by Golda Eldridge 57 Stealth Fighter, A Year in the Life of an F–117 Pilot By William B. O’Connor. Review by Joe McCue 57 The Final Mission of Bottoms Up: A World War II Pilot’s Story By Dennis R. Okerstrom. Review by Steve Agoratus 58 The Aluminum Trail:How and Where They Died By Chick Marrs Quinn. Review by Robert Willett 58 NASA Launch Systems, Space Transportation/Human Spaceflight, and Space Science, 1989-1998 By Judy A. Rumerman. Review by Richard P. Hallion 59 Five Down, No Glory: Frank G. Tinker, Mercenary Ace in the Spanish Civil War By Richard K. Smith & R. Cargill Hall. Review by Steve Ellis 59 Red Phoenix Rising: The Soviet Air Force in World War II By Von Hardesty & Ilya Grinberg. Review by Carl J. Bobrow 60 Oka: A Convergence of Cultures and the Canadian Forces By Timothy C. Winegard. Review by Golda Eldridge 60 The 14 Hour War: Valor on Koh Tang and the Recapture of the SS Mayaguez By James E. Wise Jr. and Scott Baron. Review by Golda Eldridge 61 Attack on Pearl Harbor: Strategy, Combat, Myths, Deceptions By Alan D. Zimm. Reviews by William L. Shields & Joseph Romito 61 Departments Books Received 63 Coming Up 64 President’s Message 66 In Memoriam, News, Notice, Reunions, and History Mystery 67 COVER: A North American B–45 Tornado, some of which were modified to the RB– configuration in the Korean War. The Air Force Historical Foundation The Journal of the Air Force Historical Foundation Fall 2012 Volume 59 Number 3 Publisher Alfred F. Hurley Editor Jacob Neufeld Asst. Editor, Layout and Design Richard I. Wolf Air Force Historical Foundation Technical Editor P.O. Box 790 Robert F. Dorr Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Book Review Editor (301) 736-1959 Scott A. Willey E-mail: [email protected] Advertising On the Web at http://www.afhistoricalfoundation.org Jim Vertenten Circulation Officers, 2012 Board of Directors, 2012 Angela J. Bear President/Chairman of the Board and Col Kenneth J. Alnwick, USAF (Ret) Chair, Executive Committee Col William J. Dalecky, USAF (Ret) Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose, USAF (Ret) Lt Gen Russell C. Davis, USAF (Ret) Air Power History (ISSN 1044-016X) is pro- Vice President/1st Vice Chairman Gen Ronald R. Fogleman, USAF (Ret) duced for Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter by Gen John A. Shaud, USAF (Ret) Dr. Thomas E. Griffith, Jr. the Air Force Historical Foun dation. 2nd Vice Chairman and Chair, Col Charles J. Gross, USAFR (Ret) Development Committee Col Richard G. Hellier, USAF (Ret) Prospective contributors should consult the Maj Gen Kenneth M. DeCuir, USAF (Ret) Brig Gen Alfred F. Hurley, USAF (Ret) GUIDELINES FOR CONTRIBUTORS at the back of this journal. Unsolicited manu- Treasurer and Chair, Ms. Jonna Doolittle Hoppes scripts will be returned only on specific Finance Committee Lt Gen Charles L. Johnson, USAF (Ret) request. The Editor cannot accept responsibil- Lt Col Lawrence Spinetta, USAF Lt Gen Timothy A. Kinnan, USAF (Ret) ity for any damage to or loss of the manu- Chair, Services Committee Mr John F. Kreis script. The Editor reserves the right to edit Maj Willard Strandberg, Jr., USAF (Ret) CMSgt John R. McCauslin, USAF (Ret) manuscripts and letters. Publisher Maj Gen Dale W. Meyerrose, USAF (Ret) Brig Gen Alfred F. Hurley, USAF (Ret) Jacob Neufeld Address LETTERS TO THE EDITOR to: Secretary and Executive Director Lt Gen Charles L. Thompson, USAF (Ret) Lt Col Jim Vertenten, USAF (Ret) Air Power History CORPORATE SPONSORS, 2012 11908 Gainsborough Rd. Potomac, MD 20854 New Contributing Members, Platinum Level ($20,000 or more) e-mail: [email protected] June 2012 - August 2012 Lockheed Martin Corporation Correspondence regarding missed issues or Gold Level ($10,000 or more) changes of address should be addressed to Lawrence Benson EADS North America the CIRCULATION OFFICE: Charles Booth Walter Boyne Silver Level ($5,000 or more) Air Power History Margaret Carnahan Harris Corporation P.O. Box 790 Mark Clodfelter L-3 Communications Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Michael Devine Pratt & Whitney Telephone: (301) 736-1959 Dennis Drew e-mail: [email protected] Jay Ginsburg Patron Members ADVERTISING William Katzenstein John Bogue James Keck Jim Vertenten Karl Lautenschlager Benefactor Members P.O. Box 790 John McIver Clinton, MD 20735-0790 Sherman Mullin Raymond Tagge (301) 736-1959 Earl Peck Bronze Level ($1,500 or more) e-mail: [email protected] Michael Peszke Robert Richardson Copyright © 2012 by the Air Force Historical Charles Ritchie Foundation. All rights reserved. William Shields Periodicals postage paid at Clinton, MD Frederic H Smith III 20735 and additional mailing offices. Kenneth Sublett Postmaster: Please send change of address Warren Trest to the Circulation Office. 2 AIR POWER History / FALL 2012 From the Editor The Fall 2012 issue of Air Power History is the first “digital only” version. Currently, the Air Force Historical Foundation still plans to alternate between printed and electronic versions. Stephen Craft leads off this issue with an article on primary flight training during World War II. Even before the start of the war, in 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt recognized the urgent need to prepare to fight. Tasked to expand the U.S.