EM 8863 • $12.50 Reprinted August 2007 RIGHTS-OF-WAY VEGETATION MANAGEMENT Pesticide Licensing Oregon Department of Agriculture, Pesticides Division The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) is the primary agency involved in pesticide regulation in Oregon. ODA enforces most activities regarding pesticide distribution and use in the state through the Oregon Revised Statute, ORS 634 (Oregon Pesticide Control Law) and the Oregon Administrative Rules, OAR Chapter 603-57. Copies of these state pesticide regulations, pesticide license and insurance forms, or A Guide to Pesticide Related Licensing in Oregon may be requested from the Oregon Department of Agriculture, Pesticides Division, 635 Capitol Street NE, Salem, Oregon 97301, or they can be downloaded from the ODA website (http://oregon.gov/ODA/PEST/index.shtml). For additional information, contact the Pesticides Division of the Oregon Department of Agriculture at 503-986-4635; fax: 503-986-4735; TTY: 503-986-4762. Pesticide-related website features and information http://oregon.gov/ODA/PEST/index.shtml See your pesticide exam scores Find test scores for pesticide examinations you have taken (updated continually; SSN and DOB required for access). Pesticide products Check on Oregon registration status of pesticide prod- ucts; look up by product name or EPA Registration Number (updated weekly). Look up a pesticide license Check licensing status of companies or individuals with pesticide-related licenses or registrations (updated weekly). Search for upcoming classes Find training programs and activities that count toward renewal of Oregon pesticide applicator or con- sultant certification. Search by city, county, sponsor, date, credit hours, etc. (updated continually). Check your credit hour report Get an online report of classes you have attended (updated biweekly). Where’s the nearest testing center? A listing of all pesticide testing locations and telephone numbers. Pesticide licensing This page takes you in steps through the certification and licensing process, from selecting the license type and examinations through checking your scores and recertification training records once you’ve become licensed. Pesticide advisories/alerts Notifications of time-sensitive pesticide issues. Preface Rights-of-Way Vegetation Management covers basic information on weed classification and biology; the management principles used to control vegeta- tion along roadsides, railways, power lines, ditch banks, and other rights-of- way; factors affecting herbicide activity; and safe application of herbicides. This manual is a study guide for people working or consulting in herbicide use in rights-of-way vegetation management, for those who use or recommend herbicides as a vegetation control option, and for those requiring state certifica- tion (licensing) in the category of Rights-of-Way Vegetation Control. This manual and information in the study manual Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual, EM 8850, form the basis for the Rights-of-Way Vegetation Control Exam, administered by the Oregon Department of Agriculture. This publication will help you master the basic concepts of chemical vegetation management and learn the language used on herbicide labels. This manual does not give recommendations on pesticide use; other reference and technical materials are available for specific weed problems. To understand the information in this manual, you must have a basic knowl- edge and understanding of pesticide laws and safety. See the Oregon Pesticide Safety Education Manual, EM 8850. A practice test is located at the end of the manual. Read the practice test label prior to answering the label-related questions. After taking the practice exam, go back and review the material in the areas you had trouble with. The state passing score is 70 percent. The tables in Chapter 3 list rights-of-way herbicides by their common names and some of their associated trade names. Before you use an herbicide, read the label and make sure that the specific type of site where you want to use the material appears on the label. Some rights-of-way herbicides can be used only on a few specific sites, such as ditch banks, versus industrial sites or asphalt. We have used trade names and common names throughout the text to help you become familiar with some of the more commonly used herbicides. No product endorsement is intended. The glossary will familiarize you with terminology used in the text. For further information on vegetation control and product recommendations for particular rights-of-way applications, consult the current PNW Weed Man- agement Handbook, updated yearly by weed specialists at Washington State University, Oregon State University, and the University of Idaho and available from the Oregon State University Extension Service. i Edited by Carol A. Ramsay, M.S., Washington State University Extension project associate, WSU–Pullman Robert Parker, Ph.D., Washington State University Extension weed scientist, WSU–Prosser Jed Colquhoun, Ph.D., Oregon State University Extension weed scientist, Corvallis Laurie Gordon, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem Roland Maynard, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem Acknowledgments The contents of this manual are adapted from the following: • Use of Chemicals to Manage Roadside Vegetation. 1991. H.A. Holt. Purdue University Cooperative Extension. Modules 1–9 • Agricultural Weed Management Principles. 1993. C.M. Boerboom, C.A. Ramsay, and B. Parker. Washington State University Extension publication MISC0167 • Right-of-Way Pest Control. 1988. J. Doll, N. Neher, and R. Flashinski. University of Wisconsin • Avoiding the Development of Herbicide-resistant Weeds or How to Keep the Tools We Have. 1991. A.P. Appleby and L.C. Burrill. Oregon State University Extension Service • Herbicide Mode of Action and Injury Symptoms. 1991. J.L. Gunsolus and W.S. Curran. North Central Regional Extension publication 377 • PNW Weed Management Handbook. 2003. Oregon State University Extension Service, Washington State University Extension, and University of Idaho Cooperative Extension System • Right-of-way Category Manual. C. Ogg. University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Chapter 4, Application Equip- ment (http://pested.unl.edu/catmans/row.skp/rowcont.htm) • Rights-of-way Vegetation Management. 1996. C.A. Ramsay and R. Parker. Washington State University Extension publication MISC0185 We offer our appreciation to Joe Yenish, Susan Roberts (Washington State University), John Farmer (Benton County, Oregon, Noxious Weed Control Board), Tom Clay (Washington State Department of Transportation), and Wayne Stewart (Wilbur-Ellis) for their editorial reviews and constructive comments. We thank Tom Clay, Washington State Department of Transportation, for the photo on the front cover. ii Contents Introduction ..................................................... 1 5 Special Precautions When Using Herbicides ................................. 53 1 Basic Weed Science ...................................... 3 Drift ................................................................. 53 Origin of weeds ................................................. 3 Herbicide formulations and hazards ................ 53 How weeds spread ............................................. 3 Surface water protection .................................. 54 Weed establishment and persistence.................. 4 Groundwater protection ................................... 54 Weed classification and life cycles .................... 4 Contaminated equipment ................................. 54 Using a plant identification key ......................... 6 Soil-residual herbicides ................................... 55 Some noxious weeds in Oregon ........................ 7 Soil persistence ................................................ 55 Review questions .............................................19 Review questions ............................................. 57 2 Vegetation Management Strategies ..........21 6 Applying Herbicides Safely and Accurately ............................................... 59 Integrated control.............................................21 Methods of application .................................... 59 Landscape preparation ..................................... 22 Application equipment .................................... 60 Prevention ........................................................ 22 Components of sprayers .................................. 62 Mechanical control .......................................... 22 Operation and maintenance of sprayers .......... 67 Cultural control ................................................ 23 Review questions ............................................. 68 Biological control ............................................ 24 Chemical control .............................................24 7 Calibration, Mixing, and Calculations .... 70 Review questions .............................................24 Calibration ....................................................... 70 Mixing and calculations .................................. 75 3 Herbicide Activity and Selectivity ............ 26 How to read a pesticide label........................... 78 Uptake and movement— contact versus translocated .............................. 26 Review questions ............................................. 79 Modes of herbicide action ............................... 27 8 Rights-of-Way Vegetation Management Herbicide tables ............................................... 27 and the Public ...............................................