Revista Mexicana de Micología ISSN: 0187-3180 [email protected] Sociedad Mexicana de Micología México Hernández-Hernández, Francisca; Manzano-Gayosso, Patricia; Córdova-Martínez, Erika; Méndez- Tovar, Luis Javier; López-Martínez, Rubén; García de Acevedo, Beatriz; Orozco-Topete, Rocío; Cerbón, Marco Antonio Morphological varieties of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates Revista Mexicana de Micología, núm. 25, diciembre, 2007, pp. 9-14 Sociedad Mexicana de Micología Xalapa, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=88302504 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Morphological varieties of Trichophyton rubrum clinical isolates Francisca Hernández-Hernández 1, Patricia Manzano-Gayosso1, Erika Córdova-Martínez1, Luis Javier Méndez-Tovar2, Rubén López-Martínez1, Beatriz García de Acevedo3, Rocío Orozco-Topete3, Marco Antonio Cerbón4 1 Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. 2Servicio de Dermatología y Micología, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, IMSS. 3Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”. 4Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. México, D. F., México 7 0 Variedades morfológicas de aislamientos clínicos de Trichophyton rubrum 0 2 , 4 1 Resumen. Trichophyton rubrum es el dermatofito antropofílico causante de micosis - 9 superficiales aislado con mayor frecuencia en todo el mundo. Diversas variedades : 5 2 morfológicas de este dermatofito han sido reportadas, lo cual en algunas ocasiones hace A Í difícil su identificación. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar y determinar la frecuencia de G O variedades morfológicas entre los aislados de T. rubrum en México. Se incluyeron ciento L O C treinta y un aislamientos obtenidos de pacientes con dermatofitosis. La variedad morfológica I M fue determinada por las características macro y microscópicas de los aislamientos crecidos en E D tres diferentes medios, por la producción de ureasa y por la prueba de perforación del pelo in A vitro. Se identificaron seis variedades morfológicas, de las cuales las más frecuentes fueron N A C “Y”, vellosa típica y flava. Los resultados indican que aunque T. rubrum presenta una amplia I X variedad morfológica, solamente tres variedades predominan en México, lo cual podría E M indicar alguna diferencia en su capacidad infectiva. A T S Palabras clave: Dermatofitosis, dermatofitos. I V E R Abstract. Trichophyton rubrum is the worldwide most frequently isolated anthropophilic / dermatophyte causing superficial mycosis. Several morphological varieties of this o c dermatophyte have been reported, making its identification sometimes difficult. Our aim i x é was to identify and to determine the frequency of the different morphological varieties M n e among the T. rubrum isolates in Mexico. One hundred and thirty one isolates, obtained from a s e patients with dermatophytosis were studied. The different morphological varieties were r p m evaluated by their macroscopic and microscopic features of isolates growing on three I . a different media, by the urease production and by their in vitro hair perforation capability. í g o l Using these criteria, six morphological varieties were identified, being the most frequent the o c i M “Y”, typical downy, and flava varieties. In this study we found that although T. rubrum presents e d several morphological varieties, only three of them were more frequently found among a n a isolates of Mexico, which could indicate differences in their capacity to cause infection. c i x Key words: Dermatophytosis, dermatophytes. e M a t s i v Received 28 June 2007; accepted 16 November 2007. e R 7 Recibido 28 de junio 2007; aceptado 16 noviembre 2007. 0 0 2 © Introduction mycotic skin and nails infections [1,6, 7,11] and rarely on the scalp [13]. This fungus is identified mainly by its Trichophyton rubrum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte morphological characteristics and some biochemical tests [5]. worldwide distributed causing the vast majority of the Classically, it has been considered that a primary isolate obtained from a dermatophytosis-suggestive lesion L Autor para correspondencia: Francisca Hernández Hernández [email protected] A characterized by a cottony colony, with deep wine-red N I G I R O pigment on the reverse, fine filaments, and few microconidia Determination of the morphological variety: To extremities (from the groin to the feet, 50%), trunk and L A N Materials and methods I corresponds to T. rubrum. However, because of its wide investigate the morphological varieties, all isolates were extremities (32%). One or more opportunistic factors were G I R morphological diversity, frequently in the clinical grown on Lactritmel agar, 5% sodium chloride agar, and 1% found in 36 cases; 16 with diabetes mellitus, 8 with O mycological laboratory there are sometimes doubts to Isolates: We studied 131 T. rubrum isolates obtained from peptone agar. The hair perforation test was also performed rheumatoid arthritis, 6 with lupus erythematous systemic determine with certainty the identity of this fungus. This patients that sought medical attention in one of four dermato- and the urease production was determined on Christensen's (LES), 2 with ankylosing spondylitis, 1 with leukemia, and 3 diversity, reported a while ago by numerous investigators mycological health care centers (School of Medicine, agar. When taxonomic doubt existed between T. rubrum and cases of association (diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid [10], was used to propose concepts such as “Trichophyton UNAM; Hospital General “Darío Fernández Fierro”, T. mentagrophytes, a culture on bromocresol purple-milk arthritis; arthritis and LES; and diabetes mellitus and LES). rubrum complex” [3], and also to suggest new Trichophyton ISSSTE; Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición; solids-glucose medium was performed. The culture media From the 123 T. rubrum isolates, the morphological species, which led to the creation of T. rubrum varieties, and Hospital de Especialidades, CMN Siglo XXI, IMSS). These above mentioned were elaborated in according to reference 5. varieties and frequencies depicted in Figure 1 were to develop schemes to facilitate their identification and patients presented lesions suggestive of dermatophytosis in determined in 114 isolates; of these, 112 corresponded to the differentiation from other dermatophytes. the glabrous skin, scalp or nails, and had not received any downy type and only 2 to the granular type (var. african). The Numerous investigators dealing with the study of antifungal treatment. Age, gender, and other potential Results nine remainder isolates did not show morphological dermatophytes have made important contributions to the opportunistic factors were recorded. According to the characteristics compatible with the scheme proposed by knowledge of this group of fungal pathogens [9]. Rebell and affected anatomical areas, the lesions were classified in One hundred and thirty one clinical isolates highly suggestive Kaminski (six of them corresponded to patients with Taplin recorded the morphological characteristics of many localized (one anatomic region) or in disseminated (two or of being T. rubrum were included; from these, 123 (88.6%) opportunistic factors), and were, therefore, separated for dermatophytes, now considered as the bases for the more anatomical regions). were confirmed. Three isolates were identified as T. further analyses. The 114 isolates corresponded to 96 cases of m u r b identification of the main species [9]. In the following years, mentagrophytes, two as T. tonsurans, two as Chrysosporium the localized form and 18 to the disseminated form. Most of u r n o Kane and Fisher [5] developed more laborious identification Mycological study: Scales were removed from the affected carmichaelii, and one as Chrysosporium sp. the isolates corresponded to the “Y” variety followed by the t y h schemes in response to the appearance of more complex regions for their mycological study that consisted in direct The clinical and epidemiological data from the 123 typical downy (TD) variety, which was defined as such when p o h c i dermatophyte varieties and the difficulties to properly microscopic examination and culture on Sabouraud's patients infected with T. rubrum were: 48% women and 52% their characteristics did not correspond to the morphological r T f o separate them. In Australia, Kaminski [4] proposed a more dextrose agar (SDA) with and without antibiotics men; ages between 10 and 81 years-old. The main topography varieties but they were compatible with the general s e i summarized scheme based on the macroscopic and (chloramphenicol and cycloheximide). After two weeks of of the localized lesions corresponded to toe nails and soles description of downy type on SDA. The correlation between t e i r a 7 microscopic morphological characteristics, and some incubation at 25°C, the colonies suggestive of T. rubrum were (81.5%); the disseminated form was found in the lower the morphological variety of T. rubrum versus age, gender, or v 0 l a 0 c 2 biochemical tests. Specifically for T. rubrum, this author microscopically examined with lactophenol blue. risk factors revealed that none of these factors influences the i