Fort Hays State University FHSU Scholars Repository Fort Hays Studies Series 1968 A History of the Violin Étude to About 1800 Volume I K. Marie Stolba Fort Hays State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/fort_hays_studies_series Part of the Music Education Commons Recommended Citation Stolba, K. Marie, "A History of the Violin Étude to About 1800 Volume I" (1968). Fort Hays Studies Series. 45. https://scholars.fhsu.edu/fort_hays_studies_series/45 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by FHSU Scholars Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Fort Hays Studies Series by an authorized administrator of FHSU Scholars Repository. Lb •?65; , KL/k;,17 FORT HAYS STUDIES-NEW SERIES ;::17 1960 ,!; h ce Series ht1 3 o . 1. Distribution of Native Mammals Among the Communities of the Mixed Prairie by Edward Perry Martin. March 1960, r---._;--:::..../'l6JJ _ ___ ., ory Series No. l. San Martin-One Hundred Years of Historiography, by Katharine Ferris Nutt. June 1960. Economic Series No. l. The Long-Hun Supply Curve; Some Factors Affecting Its Shape, by Eugene Darrel Pauley. September 1960. Art Series No. l. Search and Research: An Approach, by Martha Dellinger. December 1960. 1961 History Series No. 2. The United States and the Independence of Buenos Aires, by Eugene H. Craine. March 1961. Bibliography Series No. l. Henry Miller: An Informal Bibliography, by Esta Lou Hiley. June 1961. In 1961 two issues of the Fort Hays Studies-New Series were not issued but a history of the college was published. Wooster, Lyman Dwight. A History of Fort Hays Kansas State College--1902-1961. 200 p, 1962 Economic Series No. 2. Women's Contribution to Industrial Development in America, by Hazel M. Price. March 1962. Li tera lure Series No. 1. English Literary Criticism 1726-1750, by Samuel J. Sackett. June 1962. Bibliography Series No. 2. Bibliography of Master's Theses: Fort Hays Kansas State College 1930-1962, by Paul K. Friesner. September 1962. History Series No. 3. t:;,:~n~i fg'82~itions Through Kansas, 1842-1854, by Lilburn H. Horton, Jr. 1964 Science Se1ies No. 2. A Preliminary Survey of the Algae of the Cheyenne Bottoms in Kansas, by Henry J. McFarland, Edward A. Brazda, and Ben H. McFarland. October 1964. Literah1re Series No. 2. A History of the Hays, Kansas, Daily News, by Hobert J. Spangler. December 1963. Science Series No. 3. Euphthiracaroidea of California Sequoia Litter: With a Heclassi!ic~tion of the Families and Genera of the World, by Neal A. Walker. June 1964. Science Series No. 4. Dry Plains Conservation: An activity or experimental m,ethod of teaching soil and water conservation in Southwestern Dry Plains natural science classroorr.s, by David W. Pierson. September 1964. ( Continued on inside back cover) AH'istory or the Viol'in Etude, . to About 1800 Volume I rort hays std'u ies - new series music series no. 3 december 1968 Fort Hays Kansas State College Hays, Kansas F~rt Hays Studies Committee Hartley, Thomas R. Stout, Roberta A. Marc T. Campbell, chairman Thorns, John C. Jr. Walker, M. V. Copyright 1968 by Fort Hays Kansas State College Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 68-65920 ii BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE AUTHOR Dr. K Marie Stolba has always been interested in the violin and its music. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree with a major in music (violin) from Monmouth College and a Master of Arts degree from Colorado State College. Her advanced training in musicology was received at the University of Iowa from which school she was granted a Ph.D. in music in 1965. She joined the faculty at Fort Hays Kansas State College in 1967 as Assistant Professor of Music Literature, with teaching responsibilities in music history and music research. Dr. Stolba is widely known as a violinist, author, and lecturer. Articles written by her have been published in national music journals, and she has presented research papers at several regional music conventions. iii A History of the Violin Etude to About 1800 Volume I iv PLATE I LE Title page of Jo1~ reproduced here by permission ot the 13odleian Ncmsrary, ord, owners or the original. PREFACE Up to the present time, there has been no comprehensive history of the violin &tude. Most editors of dictionaries and encyclopedias de- vote little, if any, space to the topic, and those who do are concemed mainly with keyboard dtudes. Histories of violin playing touch upon the subject very lightly; biographical dictionaries are inclined to stat. merely that a canposer wrote studies or didactic works, and the few ar- ticles actually listing specific works give few dates for them.. There is no article under "'tude" in Grove's Digtigna,rv1 -- one is referred to "study," and Willi Apel2 ba.ses his short article 1n the Harvard Digtign- &n upon a dissertation written in 1930 on the development of the piano ,tude. Hence, it can be seen that a study of the development of the vio- lin ,tm• is needed. Maurice w. Riley's The Teaching of' ijgw!jd Instruments trgm. 1511 to 17563 is a study of the history, methods, and techniques or teaching the playing or bowed instruments between 1511, the date of 1. Groye' s Digtiqw:y; of Mnsig and Mn§igian@~ 5th ed., 10 vols., ed. Eric mom (New York: st. Martin' s Press, Inc. , 19 ,54-61) • 2. Willi Apel, Harvard Digtigparv of Musig (Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 12th printing, 1960), 249-50. 3. Maurice Winton Riley, lb@ Teaching of' Bczwed Inst;ruments frap 1511 to (Ph.D. dissertatiai, University ot Michigan, 19.54). vi Sebastian Virdung' s Musiga getutsght. and 17 56, that of Leopold Mozart' s Yersugh einer grJtn,d,lighen Yio1insghµle, Riley's dissertation is or value for this present study in that it provides a bibliography or the impor- tant T.1olin methods during those years; however, these methods must be examined anew for the present investigation, partly because ot Riley's indiscriminate use of the words "exercise," "'tude," and "study" to des- ignate didactic violin music. This is \D'lderstandable in view ot the tact that the words are often used interchangeably, bu.t for purposes of a study of the development or the ,tude as a musical composition, a more definitive teminology must be employed. It must be recognized, too, that Riley's prime concem was with the instructional principles pre- sented, and their application, rather ·than with the proper c],.assifioa- tion of any music contained therein. Peter Felix Ganz's The Poxelopmcmt of the Etµde for Pi,ano- 4 ~. one of the very fw studies that have been made conceming the ,tude, traces the developaent of the piano &tude from its origin as a practice piece to the attainment of its status (b,y about 1860) as an accepted concert work, with emphasis upon the compositions of Cramer and Clementi. A single concluding chapter treats of the principal •tude composers of the following century. Ganz reviews two previous doctoral studies: (1) Roland Bitner, Die Jgrtyi,gklJm.g der Spiel,teghn;ik dor §ghn1- 4. Peter Felix Ganz, The Poxolom,ont of tho Etµdo for Pi,anotorto (Ph.D. dissertation, Northwest.em University, 1960). vii und Lehrwerke fflr IQ,a,y;lerinstnarnoute. completed at the University or Munich in 1937, which Ganz credited with saving him much rese~ch; and (2) Else OOrk, Die EnMclcl,ung der nay1,erotJfdo ygn Mozart bis I41zt, witor besonderor Berficks;ightigµng 4or Mothod,o 4os IQ,ayi.onm,tem,Qht,11, done at the University of Vienna in 1930, which Ganz dismisses as being of little value other than for analyses or compositions. This is the work upon which Apel bases his article in the HAryard Digtigp•ry, where the author's name is misspelled "Gork." Both studies are given as part or the bibliography for Willi Kahl' s article in 5Sl,. 5 The purpose or this study is to investigate and ascertain the history and the development or the ,tude as a specific form of didactic literature for the violin. .All inf'luential factors, both non-musical and musical, are considered; in a study of this type, however, more space is devoted to the musical than to the non11Usical elements. This being the case, an investigation or instructional materials tor the vio- lin comprises the major portion of this writing. The period covered is from 1523 to around 1800. A working terminology is defined. Contributory factors dis- cussed include general world corditions, the change in social status of the musician, changes in the vio11nist 1 s equipment, "schools" and con- servatories, and early compositions for the violin. Thereafter, instruc- 5. Willi Kahl, "Ett!de," 01,e Mµsik 1n Gesgh;i,ghto und Gogenwart. 11 vols. to date, ed. Friedrich filUD1e (Kassel & Basel: mrenreiter, 1949-), m, 1607-14. viii tional materials are presented according to the country in which publi- cation occurred., chronologically by date ot publication in so far as this is feasible; the content of' each method is presented briefly when such information is available. In those instances where a composer's works were published in several countries, his compositions are consid- ered in a group and cross-references are made so that his activity in the various c01mtries does not go unnoticed. Where primary sources, or microfilms or microcards of them, are obtainable, the contents are eval- uated as to the presence of &tudes, but where sole evidence lies in sec- ondary sources, no detinite evaluation can be made. All spellings have been retained as they occur in the sources; where words in a foreign language were misspelled or given antiquated.