IUCN Global Temperate and Boreal Forest Programme IUCN Office for Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States THE BEGINNING OF THE ENAFLEG PROCESS IN RUSSIA: CIVIL SOCIETY INSIGHTS Moscow 2005 The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the mate- rial, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN con- cerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or con- cerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Please note that the figures and other actual data, strategies and recommendations presented in the workshops are the direct products of the workshop participants. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. This publication is a collection of documents and reports relating to the first stages of the Europe and Northern Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance process (ENA- FLEG), primarily emerging from the project entitled: ìENA-FLEG: Optimising Russian forest resilience to climate change through improved forest governance arrangements ñ Pilot phaseî. This project was carried out with financial support from the United Kingdom Foreign and Commonwealth Office, thought its Global Opportunity Fund, and the United States, through its Voluntary Contribution to IUCN. Published by: IUCN Global Temperate and Boreal Forest Programme in collaboration with IUCN Office for Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States, Moscow, Russia. Copyright: © 2005 IUCN-The World Conservation Union Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holder. Citation: Teplyakov, V., Saint-Laurent, C., Pakhorukova, K. and Shmatkov, N. (eds.) (2005). The Beginning of the ENA FLEG Process in Russia: Civil Society Insights. IUCN Global Temperate and Boreal Forest Programme, Moscow, Russia. 116 pp. ISBN: 5-87317-213-7 Cover design and layout by: P. Pavlov and K. Pakhorukova Cover photo: A. Kletsina, Yu. Popova, N. Sobolev and V. Zakharov Translation: A. Maslov, E. Kopylova and V. Teplyakov Produced by: C. Saint-Laurent and V. Teplyakov Printed by: IUCN-The World Conservation Union Available from: IUCN Global Temperate and Boreal Forest Programme IUCN Office for Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States 3, Bld.3, Stoliarny Pereulok 123022 Moscow, Russia Tel./fax: +7(095) 609-3411 www.iucn.ru Table of Content Preface ........................................................................................................................5 Launching meeting of Russian Non-Governmental Organizations (Moscow, January 12, 2005) List of participants ....................................................11 Meeting of NGOs on participation in ENA FLEG process (Moscow, February 14, 2005) ................................................................................12 Resulting Documents The ENA FLEG Process from the Perspective of Russian Conservation Non- Governmental Organizations ......................................................................13 Guidelines for Selection and a Draft List of Conservation Non-Governmental Organizations to Participate in the Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance Ministerial Conference in St-Petersburg ........................................................................................15 Civil Hearings on the Issues of Forest Governance and Prevention of Illegal Logging (Saint-Petersburg, February 21ñ23, 2005) ..........................19 Resulting Documents Address from the Public Hearing Participants to the People of Russia ..............21 Open Letter from the Public Hearing Participants to the President of Russia ....................................................................................22 Proposals submitted by the Public Hearing participants on the use of the FLEG process as an instrument for the sustainable management of Russiaís forests ..................................................23 Address from the Public Hearing Participants to the International Ministerial Conference on Forest Law Enforcement and Governance in the Northern Eurasia Countries ......................................25 Presentations by experts Potential IUCN Role in Facilitating NGO Participation in the Eurasian Regional FLEG Process ................................................................26 What is a State Forest Policy? How Is It Developed and How Does It Work in Practice? ............................................................27 How to Stop Illegal Logging in Russia? ........................................................29 Illegal Logging as an Entrepreneurial Risk....................................................31 Climate Change and FLEG: Expectations of the Civil Society ..........................32 The Main Outcome of the Reform ................................................................37 Efficiency of the FLEG Process and What Shall We Do with That? ................38 Certification According to the Chart of the Forest Stewardship Council and the FLEG Process in Russia ................................................................42 Certification as an Instrument for Controlling Illegal Logging ........................43 Perception of FSC certification and public involvement opportunities ..............45 On the Issue of Public Attitudes to the Problem of Law and Legality in the Forest Sector ................................................................47 List of participants ....................................................................................................50 Regional Seminar ìCivil Society Involvement in Forest and Forest-Related Law Enforcement, Governance, Use and Trade. The ENA FLEG Process Developmentî (Khabarovsk, March 2ñ4, 2005)..........52 Recommendations from the seminar ........................................................................53 Presentations by participants The Situation in the Far-Eastern Forest Sector ............................................56 The Forest reform and the FLEG Process in Russia ........................................58 Civil Society and Forest Law Enforcement and Governance ..............................60 Let us negotiate the terms ..........................................................................62 Illegal Logging in Primorsky Krai................................................................63 On the enforcement of the Forest Law in Khabarovsky Krai ............................65 Current Trends of Timber Exports from the Far East Including Exports of Illegally Harvested Timber ..........................................................71 Local Communities and the FLEG Process ....................................................72 Activity of ìDauriaî Center ........................................................................74 Problems of the Forest Industry in Khabarovsky Krai ....................................77 The State and Analysis of the Reasons of Illegal Logging Activities..................78 Activity on the FOREST Project ..................................................................79 On the Illegal Logging in the Far-Easter Region in 2001-2004 ........................81 Activities of Regional Public Organizations (IMEB Example) for Addressing Issues on Forest Use in Tomskaya Oblast ................................81 Illegal logging and Biodiversity Preservation in Khabarovsky Krai ..................84 List of participants ....................................................................................................86 Europe and North Asia Forest Law Enforcement and Governance (ENA-FLEG) Ministerial Process. International Steering Committee Meeting (Moscow, February 21-22, 2005) ..........................................88 List of participants ....................................................................................................89 Brief summary of the Meeting ìOn the Preparation to the Ministerial Conference ENA FLEG in Russiaî (Moscow, March 14, 2005) ......................................................................................91 List of participants ....................................................................................................93 Annexes ....................................................................................................................94 Annex 1. ....................................................................................................................94 Forest Law and Other Related Laws Enforcement Analysis ............................94 Annex 2. ..................................................................................................................107 Report on the Audit of the Civil Hearings ..................................................107 Annex 3. ..................................................................................................................114 Chronology of the ENA FLEG process ........................................................114 5 Preface Russian forests are not only a resource framework of laws, policies and incentives of great national importance economical- that shape the behaviour of individual ly, culturally, socially and environmental- actors and institutions with respect for ly ñ they are also a key, though often