Instructions for the Reader Published on Inters.org (https://inters.org) Instructions for the Reader INTERS Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science Edited by G. Tanzella-Nitti, I. Colagè and A. Strumia The Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science (INTERS) is a dynamic, on line only data base, consisting in extensive, updated entries, signed by scholars who are accomplished in both scientific and humanistic research work. The Encyclopedia is intended to provide sound review articles in the rapidly growing international field of Religion and Science. Each article provides a readable and comprehensive summary of what is currently being discussed in religion and science on specific topics as well as how these topics were discussed historically. The Catalogue of the Encyclopedia is still in progress. New articles are introduced and those already on line are ready to be updated by their Authors under the direction of the Editors. A good number of the articles belonging to the INTERS dynamic data base, were originally published in Italian as part of the Dizionario Interdisciplinare di Scienza e Fede (Rome: Urbaniana University Press - Città Nuova, 2002 - ISBN 88-401-1050-X), a two-volume Encyclopedia written primarily by European authors. A first project of translating into English part of the articles of the Italian Dizionario was supported by The Center for Theology and the Natural Sciences, Berkeley, to foster the dialogue between European and American scholars on some of the most important topics in Religion and Science. Part of the English version of the Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science has been supported by CTNS [1] About the Encyclopaedia To read the articles properly General Abbreviations Sources for the Documents of the Catholic Church Abbreviations for special sources Latin titles of the Documents of the Catholic Church About the Encyclopaedia The Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science (INTERS) is intended to satisfy in a qualified way a specific cultural necessity in the field of Religion and Science. Through the appropriate entries of a comprehensible and easy to consult Catalogue, the reader will find an updated summary of what religion and science have to say on a specific item and/or how they came into debate on that same item throughout history. The discussion is focused mainly on the Judaeo-Christian idea of God, because that religious tradition was especially interwoven with the history and the development of scientific thought © Interdisciplinary Documentation on Religion and Science 2003-2013 Page 1 of 8 Instructions for the Reader Published on Inters.org (https://inters.org) Believing readers, university students, teachers or intellectuals, who have no special acquaintance with religion and science literature and want to compare the content of their religious faith with the outcomes of contemporary natural sciences, are often faced with popular literature that is philosophically unsound. They usually do not have an easy access to high quality interdisciplinary literature, whose circulation is generally confined to restricted cultural groups. Those who are non believers, on the other hand, find some difficulties in approaching the teachings of Christian theology, which have a specialized diffusion as well. As a consequence, they have incomplete or even incorrect information on what religious faith says on scientific topics. The proposed subject-headings are meant to answer directly the most pivotal problems in the debate between religion and science or, at least, to put that debate on its right track. Some headings correspond to specific disciplines to show how the religion/science debate or dialogue took place and has developed up to now in that particular field of human culture. Philosophic headings are offered as well, to cast light on the conceptual knots of the debate. Theological entries supply the reader with original sources necessary to understand the content of believers' faith on issues of major religious importance. A special attention is given to those items which have an extended and consolidated role in the mass media (Ecology, Extraterrestrial Life, Artificial Intelligence, Mind-Body relationship, New Age, Shroud of Turin, etc.). The Italian summaries of the articles that belonged to the complete Catalogue of the published Italian Dizionario Interdisciplinare di Scienza e Fede [2] are available on line. How to quote the Encyclopedia INTERS data base is a dynamic, on line only Encyclopedia. Articles are periodically updated under the control and supervision of the Editors. INTERS can be read at one of these URL addresses: http://www.inters.org [3] http://www.ctns.org/encyclopaedia.html [4] To refer to the content of the articles, please quote Author, Title and its source: INTERS– Interdisciplinary Encyclopedia of Religion and Science, edited by G. Tanzella-Nitti , I. Colagè and A. Strumia, http://www.inters.org [3] All INTERS articles are captioned by a DOI number. To read the articles properly Abbreviations, sources and Latin titles of documents, are captioned as follows: GENERAL ABBREVIATIONS CDF Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith Heb. in Hebrew © Interdisciplinary Documentation on Religion and Science 2003-2013 Page 2 of 8 Instructions for the Reader Published on Inters.org (https://inters.org) Gr. in Greek ITC International Theological Commission Lat. in Latin LEV Libreria Editrice Vaticana NT The New Testament OT The Old Testament PBC Pontifical Biblical Commission SOURCES FOR THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH AAS Acta Apostolicae Sedis, Roma - Vatican City 1909f ASS Acta Sanctae Sedis, Romae 1865-1908 CCC Catechism of the Catholic Church, Città del Vaticano 1997 on line at [5] DH H. DENZINGER, Enchiridion Simbolorum, definitionum et declarationum de rebus fidei et morum. The numbers refer to the updated version edited by P. Hünermann, Freiburg i.B. 1991. Discorsi e Radiomessaggi Collection of Teachings of Pius XII, Discorsi e Radiomessaggi di Sua Santità Pio XII, 20 vols., Vita e Pensiero, Milano and LEV, Città del Vaticano 1941-1959 EE Enchiridion delle Encicliche (Bologna: Dehoniane, 1994f) EV Enchiridion Vaticanum (Bologna: Dehoniane, 1966f) General Audience John Paul II, Wendsday's General Audiences: on line at [6] Benedict XVI, Wensday's General Audiences: on line at © Interdisciplinary Documentation on Religion and Science 2003-2013 Page 3 of 8 Instructions for the Reader Published on Inters.org (https://inters.org) [7] Francis, Wensday's General Audiences: on line at [8] Insegnamenti Collection of Teachings of the Popes, Paul VI (1963-1978) and John Paul II (1978f), LEV, Vatican City. OR L'Osservatore Romano, Vatican City ORWE L'Osservatore Romano, English Weekly Edition, Vatican City Papal Addresses Benedict XV - John Paul II , Papal Addresses to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences (1917-2002) and to the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences (1994-2002) , “Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarum Scripta Varia”, n. 100 (Vatican City: Pontifical Academy of Sciences, 2003) ABBREVIATIONS FOR SPECIAL SOURCES DFT Dictionary of Fundamental Theology, edited by R. Latourelle and R. Fisichella, Crossroad, New York 1994 Diels-Kranz Diels-Kranz, Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Berlin 196612 DSB Dictionary of Scientific Biographies, edited by C. Gillispie, 16 voll., Scribner's, New York 1970-1980 DTC Dictionnaire de Théologie Catholique, 15 vols., Paris 1903-1946 NDTB Nuovo Dizionario di Teologia Biblica, edited by P. Rossano, G. Ravasi, A. Girlanda, San Paolo, Cinisello Balsamo 1988 PG J.P. MIGNE, Patrologiae cursus completus, © Interdisciplinary Documentation on Religion and Science 2003-2013 Page 4 of 8 Instructions for the Reader Published on Inters.org (https://inters.org) Ecclesia Graeca, Paris 1857-1866 PL J.P. MIGNE, Patrologiae cursus completus, Ecclesia Latina, Paris 1844-1855 SC Sources Chrétiennes, Editions du Cerf, Paris 1942f TDNT G. Kittel , G. Friedrich (eds.), Theological Dictionary of the New Testament , transl. by G.W. Bromiley, Eerdmans, Grand Rapids (MI) 1965f TLOT E. Jenni, C. Westermann (eds.), Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament , transl. by M.E. Biddle, 3 vols., Hendrickson, Peabody (MA) 1997 LATIN TITLES OF THE DOCUMENTS OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH Only documents published after the First Vatican Council (1870) are here listed. The titles and dates of the documents issued before 1870 are reported in the texts of the articles. The dates of the documents quoted here and along the whole data base are written according to the convention DD.MM.YYYY. Apostolicam actuositatem Second Vatican Council, decr. Apostolicam actuositatem, 18.11.1965 Caritas in Veritate Benedictus XVI, encyclical Caritas in Veritate, 29.6.2009 Centesimus annus John Paul II, encyclical Centesimus annus, 1.5.1991 Christus Dominus Second Vatican Council, decr. Christus Dominus, 28.10.1965 Dei Filius First Vatican Council, dogm. const. Dei Filius, 24.4.1870 Dei Verbum Second Vatican Council, dogm. const. Dei Verbum, 18.11.1965 Deus caritas est Benedict XVI, encyclical Deus caritas est, 25.12.2005 Dignitatis humanae Second Vatican Council, decl. Dignitatis humanae, 7.12.1965 Dignitas personae CDF, instruction Dignitas personae, 8.9.2008 © Interdisciplinary Documentation on Religion and Science 2003-2013 Page 5 of 8 Instructions for the Reader Published on Inters.org (https://inters.org) Dies Domini John Paul II, apostolic lett. Dies Domini, 31.5.1998 Dives in misericordia John Paul II, encyclical Dives in misericordia, 30.11.1980 Divino