Intoduction to UNIX version 0.1 Last generated: February 23, 2020 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License . Intoduction to UNIX User Guide PDF last generated: February 23, 2020 Table of Contents Getting Started Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 5 Command Line......................................................................................................................... 6 UNIX and Unix-Like File Systems ............................................................................................ 7 Shells (bash and csh) ............................................................................................................... 9 Environment Variables............................................................................................................ 12 Housekeeping ........................................................................................................................ 14 Regular Expressions............................................................................................................... 16 Connecting to Computers (ssh and VPN) ssh.......................................................................................................................................... 17 ssh with Graphical Forwarding (X11)...................................................................................... 18 passwd: Changing your Password ........................................................................................ 19 exit.......................................................................................................................................... 20 Folders: cd, mkdir, pwd, and more! cd ........................................................................................................................................... 21 mkdir ...................................................................................................................................... 23 ls (and an intro to permissions and flags)............................................................................... 24 pwd......................................................................................................................................... 26 tree ......................................................................................................................................... 27 hostname................................................................................................................................ 30 whoami................................................................................................................................... 31 which ...................................................................................................................................... 32 Copying and Removing Files mv........................................................................................................................................... 33 cp ........................................................................................................................................... 34 scp.......................................................................................................................................... 35 rsync....................................................................................................................................... 36 sftp ......................................................................................................................................... 37 rm ........................................................................................................................................... 38 Compressing and Expanding Files gzip and gunzip ...................................................................................................................... 39 [email protected] i Intoduction to UNIX User Guide PDF last generated: February 23, 2020 bzip2 and bunzip2.................................................................................................................. 40 zip and unzip .......................................................................................................................... 41 tar ........................................................................................................................................... 42 Processes top .......................................................................................................................................... 43 ps............................................................................................................................................ 44 kill ........................................................................................................................................... 45 watch...................................................................................................................................... 46 Cntrl+C: Abort Abort Abort .................................................................................................... 47 Cntrl+Z: Background Jobs..................................................................................................... 48 nvidia-smi ............................................................................................................................... 49 du ........................................................................................................................................... 52 sleep....................................................................................................................................... 53 crontab: a Scheduling Tool .................................................................................................... 54 Creating, Reading, and Editing Files vi editor................................................................................................................................... 57 Searching Files....................................................................................................................... 58 Search and Replace All .......................................................................................................... 59 Commenting Out.................................................................................................................... 60 less: Safe Viewing .................................................................................................................. 61 more: Minimalist Safe Viewing ............................................................................................... 62 touch ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Printing and Reorganizing Files echo........................................................................................................................................ 64 > and >>: redirecting output .................................................................................................. 65 cat (and tac)............................................................................................................................ 66 awk ......................................................................................................................................... 67 diff .......................................................................................................................................... 69 grep ........................................................................................................................................ 70 paste....................................................................................................................................... 71 sort ......................................................................................................................................... 72 split......................................................................................................................................... 74 sed.......................................................................................................................................... 75 Images convert ................................................................................................................................... 78 [email protected] ii Intoduction to UNIX User Guide PDF last generated: February 23, 2020 eog ......................................................................................................................................... 79 evince ..................................................................................................................................... 80 Keyboard Shortcuts and Special Characters Cntrl+A: Begin Again.............................................................................................................. 81 Cntrl+L: CLEAR! ..................................................................................................................... 82 Cntrl+R: History's Pal............................................................................................................. 83 Cntrl+U: Clear the Line!.......................................................................................................... 84 Tab: the Autofill Key ..............................................................................................................