PHOSPHATE MINE SITES, PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATOR AND INTEGRATED FERTILIZER FACILITY ETİ BAKIR A.Ş. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT PREPARED BY EN-ÇEV ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL INVESTMENTS CONSULTANCY INC. i PHOSPHATE MINE SITES, PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATOR AND INTEGRATED FERTILIZER FACILITY CONTENTS CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................İİ TABLE LIST ........................................................................................................................... V FIGURE LIST .....................................................................................................................Xİİİ ANNEX LIST..................................................................................................................... XVİİ ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................................XİX 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................. 1 2. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ............................................................................. 3 2.1.Legislation........................................................................................................................... 3 2.1.1.National EIA Regulation ........................................................................................... 3 2.1.2. International Instruments and Documents............................................................. 3 2.1.3.The Categorisation of Project ................................................................................... 8 2.2. Legal and Regulatory Framework................................................................................... 9 2.3.Institutions ........................................................................................................................ 11 3.LOCATION OF PROJECT............................................................................................... 12 3.1.Existing Facilities.............................................................................................................. 12 3.1.1.Phosphate Mine Sites ............................................................................................... 12 3.1.2. Concentrator Facility.............................................................................................. 12 3.2. Planned Facilities............................................................................................................. 15 3.2.1. Integrated Fertilizer Facility .................................................................................. 15 4. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE PROJECT............................................... 16 4.1. Existing Facilities............................................................................................................. 16 4.1.1. Phosphate Mine Sites .............................................................................................. 16 4.1.2. Phosphate Concentrator Facilities......................................................................... 17 4.2. Planned Facilities............................................................................................................. 30 4.2.1. AMMONIA PRODUCTION.................................................................................. 32 4.2.2. PHOSPHORIC ACID PRODUCTION ................................................................ 34 4.2.3. SULFURIC ACID PRODUCTION....................................................................... 36 4.2.4. FERTILIZER PRODUCTION.............................................................................. 38 4.2.5. FERTILIZER PACKAGING FACILITY............................................................ 40 4.2.6. LEACHING FACILITY......................................................................................... 40 ii PHOSPHATE MINE SITES, PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATOR AND INTEGRATED FERTILIZER FACILITY 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE .......................................................... 42 5.1. Physical Environment..................................................................................................... 42 5.1.1. Geology and Geomorphologic Characteristics ..................................................... 42 5.1.2. Hydrogeology........................................................................................................... 45 5.1.3. Soil Characteristics ................................................................................................. 48 5.1.4. Land Asset and Usage............................................................................................. 55 5.1.5. Water Resources...................................................................................................... 55 5.1.6. Climatology .............................................................................................................. 58 5.1.7. Ambient Air Quality ............................................................................................... 78 5.1.8. Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 81 5.1.9. Noise.......................................................................................................................... 81 5.2. Biological Environment .................................................................................................. 83 5.2.1. Flora.......................................................................................................................... 83 5.2.2.Fauna......................................................................................................................... 89 5.2.3.Sensitive Areas.......................................................................................................... 96 5.3. Social Environment....................................................................................................... 104 5.3.1. Economy................................................................................................................. 104 5.3.2. Demography........................................................................................................... 106 5.3.3. Education ............................................................................................................... 107 5.3.4. Health ..................................................................................................................... 108 5.3.5. Income and Unemployement................................................................................ 109 6.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS..................................................................................... 111 6.1. Topography and Soil..................................................................................................... 111 6.1.1.Phosphate Mine Sites ............................................................................................. 111 6.1.2. Phosphate Concentrator Facility ......................................................................... 115 6.1.3. Integrated Fertilizer Facility ................................................................................ 115 6.2. Emissions........................................................................................................................ 118 6.2.1.Phosphate Mine Sites ............................................................................................. 118 6.2.2. Phosphate Concentrator Facility ......................................................................... 162 6.2.3. Integrated Fertilizer Facility ................................................................................ 163 6.3.Noise................................................................................................................................. 182 6.3.1.Phosphate Mine Sites ............................................................................................. 182 iii PHOSPHATE MINE SITES, PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATOR AND INTEGRATED FERTILIZER FACILITY 6.3.2. Phosphate Concentrator Facility ......................................................................... 203 6.3.3. Integrated Fertilizer Facility ................................................................................ 206 6.4.Water Usage and Waste Water Occurance ................................................................. 208 6.4.1.Phosphate Mine Site............................................................................................... 208 6.4.2. Phosphate Concentrator Facility ......................................................................... 210 6.4.3. Integrated Fertilizer Facility ................................................................................ 211 6.5.Waste ............................................................................................................................... 219 6.5.1.Phosphate Mine Sites ............................................................................................. 219 6.5.2. Phosphate Concentrator Facility ......................................................................... 220 6.5.3. Integrated Fertilizer Facility ................................................................................ 222 6.6.Flora ve Fauna................................................................................................................ 225 6.6.1.Phosphate Mine