Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 2015 CONTENTS 3 EDITOR’S CORNER DEFENCE PROCUREMENT 5 Off-the-Shelf or New Design? Considerations for the Canadian Surface Combatant Program by David Rudd PERSONNEL ISSUES 14 Institutional Excellence: An Initial Roadmap by Éric Tremblay and Bill Bentley 23 Identifying the Essential Competencies of Tomorrow’s Canadian Armed Forces: Overcoming the Unique Challenges of Future-oriented Personnel Selection Research by Anna Ebel-Lam 34 Social Work in the Military ~ Considering a Renewed Scope of Practice by Dave Blackburn Cover MILITARY TECHNOLOGY Artist rendering of Resolve-Class 44 Lethal Autonomous Systems and the Future of Warfare AOR performing humanitarian by Daniel Sukman and disaster relief operations Credit: Project Resolve Inc, VIEWS AND OPINIONS © Chantier Davie Canada Inc. 54 Reducing Reliance and Enhancing Relationships: The Benefits of a Canadian Amphibious Capability by Christopher Hartwick 59 Is there a Role for Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Chaplains in Ethics? by Padre Yvon Pichette and Padre Jon Derrick Marshall COMMENTARY 67 Defence and the 2015 Election by Martin Shadwick Off-the-Shelf or New BOOK REVIEWS Design? Considerations 73 BOOK REVIEWS for the Canadian Surface Combatant Program Institutional Excellence: An Initial Roadmap Canadian Military Journal/Revue militaire canadienne is the official professional journal of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence. It is published quarterly under authority of the Minister of National Defence. Opinions expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Armed Forces, Canadian Military Journal, or any agency of the Government of Canada. Crown copyright is retained. Articles may be reproduced with permission of the Editor, on condition that appropriate credit is given to Canadian Military Journal. Each issue of the Journal is published simultaneously in print and electronic versions; it is available on the Internet at www.journal.forces.gc.ca. ISSN 1492-465X Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 2015 • Canadian Military Journal 1 How to Contact Us CANADIAN Canadian Military Journal MILITARY PO Box 17000, Station Forces Kingston, Ontario JOURNAL CANADA, K7K 7B4 www.journal.forces.gc.ca Fax: (613) 541-6866 E-mail: [email protected] Editor-in-Chief Translation David L. Bashow Translation Bureau, Public Works and (613) 541-5010 ext. 6148 Government Services Canada [email protected] Publication Manager Commentary Claire Chartrand Martin Shadwick (613) 541-5010 ext. 6837 [email protected] Editorial Advisor Michael Boire Identifying the Essential Oversight Committee Competencies of Tomorrow’s Canadian Chairman Armed Forces: Overcoming the Unique Major-General J.G.E. Tremblay, Commander, Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Challenges of Future- Members oriented Personnel Mr. David L. Bashow, Editor-in-Chief, Brigadier-General S.G. Friday, Commandant Selection Research Canadian Military Journal (CMJ) Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Colonel Marty Cournoyer, representing Major Chris Young, representing Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Chief of Staff Army Strategy Dr. H.J. Kowal, Principal, Lieutenant-Colonel Kimberley Maynard, Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Director Canadian Forces Military Law Centre (CFMLC), Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Commander Hugues Canuel, representing Chief of the Maritime Staff (CMS) Ms. Hanya Soliman, representing Chief of the Defence Intelligence (CDI) Editorial Board Dr. Douglas Bland Philippe Lagassé Social Work in the Major (ret’d) Michael Boire Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) David Last Military – Considering Major Sylvain Chalifour Dr. Chris Madsen a Renewed Scope Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Douglas Delaney Dr. Sean Maloney of Practice Dr. Rocky J. Dwyer Professor Brian McKercher Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Michael Goodspeed Dr. Paul Mitchell Major-General (ret’d) Daniel Gosselin Dr. Nezih Mrad Major John Grodzinski Dr. Scot Robertson Dr. David Hall Professor Stéphane Roussel Professor Michael Hennessy Professor Elinor Sloan Colonel Bernd Horn Chief Warrant Officer C.J. Thibault Professor Hamish Ion Colonel (ret’d) Randall Wakelam NOTE TO READERS Lethal Autonomous As a bilingual journal, readers should take note that where citations are translated from their original language, the Systems and the abbreviation [TOQ] at the end of the note, which stands for “translation of original quote”, indicates to the readers that the original citation can be found in the published version of the Journal in the other official language. Future of Warfare 2 Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 16, No. 1, Winter 2015 EDITOR’S CORNER elcome to the Winter 2015 edition of the the environmental and enhanced capabilities perspectives “…are Canadian Military Journal, our 61st iteration significant enough to completely alter the nature of an existing of the quarterly, if anybody is keeping track. occupation, or to warrant the development of a new one. Given the importance of such activities to the operational effectiveness With respect to our cover image, a bit of of the CAF, there is clearly a need to adopt a rigorous approach W background is warranted. In February 2014, a to identifying the attributes that CAF personnel may require in devastating fire destroyed the Royal Canadian Navy’s Auxiliary the future.” Oiler Replenishment ship, HMCS Protecteur. As a result, Project Resolve was established to provide a fast track, fully compliant Professor Dave Blackburn, a highly-experienced social worker and affordable interim solution in order to keep our navy fully within the CAF, and now a professional academic in the field in operational until a permanent solution can be launched. After the civilian sector, chronicles the history of social work within more than a year of design, engineering, and planning, Davie Canada’s armed forces. Blackburn contends that today’s military Shipyards and its partners, Aecon, NavTech, and V.Ships, reached social workers practice their profession as members of multidis- an agreement with the Government of Canada in August 2015 to ciplinary teams, and while they are aimed at helping members provide At-Sea Support Services to the Royal Canadian Navy. to improve their well-being, because they are exclusive only to This resulted in the purchase of a modern container ship, the MV helping CAF members, “…the ‘formal’ practice of social work in Asterix, which will be converted into a modern replenishment a military context is restrictive and limits the inclusion of family, vessel and delivered for service in the summer of 2017. The cover social, and community components. With that in mind, how is image is an artist’s conception of how Asterix will appear after it possible for social work in a military context to fully meet the the planned transformation. current needs of soldiers and their families, and offer solutions to social problems in the community?” Taking the point this time out, strategic analyst David Rudd examines the renewal initiatives dedicated towards the In the last of our major articles for the issue, US Army Royal Canadian Navy’s surface combatant fleet, particularly as strategist Major Daniel Sukman opines that while autonomous they apply to the Canadian Surface Combatant (CSC) Program, systems and robotics have, and will continue to have a place which is intended to replace the current fleet of frigates and in modern society, he believes they will inevitably play an destroyers. Rudd’s intent is to “…contribute to a broader under- ever-increasing role on the battlefields of the future. Therefore, standing of naval procurement by defining and discussing Sukman’s stated intent is to “…examine the history, domestic and military-off-the-shelf (MOTS) as a procurement option for a international policy trends, and the ethics of lethal autonomous major naval platform. A non-exhaustive list of advantages and systems on the battlefield of the future.” disadvantages will be examined, along with a brief exploration of allied experiences, all with a view to enhancing the ability of This brings us to our two very different Views and Opinion decision-makers to assess the suitability of this option for the CSC pieces this time out. In the first, Captain Christopher Hartwick, an program.” However, while Rudd contends that this option holds infantry officer, offers that an amphibious capability for Canada’s many attractions, the pursuit of such an option is not risk-free. armed forces, given the massive extent of our coastlines and today’s chaotic and uncertain security environment, “… is not Next, Major-General Éric Tremblay, Commander of something that Canada wants, but something that Canada needs.” MILPERSGEN, and his Senior Staff Officer Professional Concepts, He further argues that while “… there is no denying the current Dr. Bill Bentley, explore the elusive quality of Institutional fiscal restraints, there is also no denying the fact that so many of Excellence (IE), and how it relates to the Department of National Canada’s allies agree that an amphibious capability brings with it Defence (DND) and the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). The enhanced flexibility to conduct Canada’s military operations and authors contend that through the CAF’s profession, that is, the the ability to further collaborate with allied nations on matters of profession of arms, it is, along with other government agencies, global importance.” “…responsible for the national security of Canadians and the pro- tection and promotion