IC-386 Compiler User’s Guide RadiSys Corporation 5445 NE Dawson Creek Drive Hillsboro, OR 97124 (503) 615-1100 FAX: (503) 615-1150 www.radisys.com 07-0577-01 December 1999 EPC, iRMX, INtime, Inside Advantage, and RadiSys are registered trademarks of RadiSys Corporation. Spirit, DAI, DAQ, ASM, Brahma, and SAIB are trademarks of RadiSys Corporation. Microsoft and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation and Windows 95 is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation. IBM and PC/AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. All other trademarks, registered trademarks, service marks, and trade names are property of their respective owners. December 1999 Copyright 1999 by RadiSys Corporation All rights reserved ii Quick Contents Chapter 1. Overview Chapter 2. Compiling and Binding Chapter 3. Compiler Controls Chapter 4. Segmentation Memory Models Chapter 5. Listing Files Chapter 6. Processor-specific Facilities Chapter 7. Assembler Header File Chapter 8. Function-calling Conventions Chapter 9. Subsystems Chapter 10. Language Implementation Chapter 11. Messages Glossary Index iC-386 Compiler User's Guide iii Notational Conventions The iC-386 Compiler User's Guide uses the following notational conventions: italics Italics indicate a symbol that is replaced with an identifier, an expression, or a value. monospace type Type of this style represents syntax, filenames, program examples, or computer output. iv Contents 1 Overview Software Development With iC-386 .............................................................1 Using the Run-time Libraries .................................................................2 Debugging ..............................................................................................2 Optimizing..............................................................................................4 Using the Utilities...................................................................................4 Programming for Embedded ROM Systems ..........................................5 Compiler Capabilities....................................................................................5 Compatibility With Other Development Tools..............................................6 About This Manual........................................................................................7 Related Publications ...............................................................................7 2 Compiling and Binding Using Files and Directories ...........................................................................9 Invoking the iC-386 Compiler.....................................................................10 Invocation Syntax on iRMX Systems...................................................10 Invocation Syntax on DOS Systems.....................................................11 Sign-on and Sign-off Messages............................................................12 Files That the Compiler Uses ......................................................................13 Work Files............................................................................................14 Object File............................................................................................14 Listing Files..........................................................................................14 Using Submit, Batch and Command Files...................................................17 Using iRMX Submit Files ....................................................................17 Using DOS Batch Files for DOSRMX Systems...................................18 Using DOS Command Files in DOSRMX Systems .............................20 Binding Object Files....................................................................................22 Choosing the Files to Bind ...................................................................22 Examples of Binding ............................................................................24 BND386 Example on DOS Systems .............................................24 In-line Functions..........................................................................................25 Compiling at Different Optimization Levels ...............................................27 iC-386 Compiler User’s Guide Contents v Results at Optimization Level 0 ...........................................................27 Results at Optimization Level 1 ...........................................................31 Results at Optimization Level 2 ...........................................................33 Results at Optimization Level 3 ...........................................................35 3 Compiler Controls How Controls Affect the Compilation.........................................................39 Where to Use Controls ................................................................................40 Alphabetical Reference of Controls.............................................................44 align | noalign ..............................................................................................45 code | nocode ...............................................................................................51 codesegment................................................................................................53 compact .......................................................................................................54 cond | nocond...............................................................................................56 datasegment.................................................................................................57 debug | nodebug...........................................................................................58 define...........................................................................................................60 diagnostic ....................................................................................................62 eject .............................................................................................................64 extend | noextend.........................................................................................65 fixedparams .................................................................................................66 include .........................................................................................................69 interrupt.......................................................................................................71 line | noline ..................................................................................................72 list | nolist ....................................................................................................73 listexpand | nolistexpand..............................................................................75 listinclude | nolistinclude .............................................................................76 long64 | nolong64 ........................................................................................78 mod486 | nomod486 ....................................................................................79 modulename ................................................................................................81 object | noobject...........................................................................................82 optimize.......................................................................................................84 pagelength ...................................................................................................88 pagewidth ....................................................................................................89 preprint | nopreprint.....................................................................................90 print | noprint...............................................................................................92 ram | rom .....................................................................................................94 searchinclude | nosearchinclude...................................................................96 signedchar | nosignedchar............................................................................98 srclines | nosrclines......................................................................................99 subsys ........................................................................................................100 symbols | nosymbols..................................................................................102 vi Contents tabwidth.....................................................................................................103 title.............................................................................................................104 translate | notranslate .................................................................................105 type | notype...............................................................................................106 varparams ..................................................................................................108 xref | noxref ...............................................................................................111 4 Segmentation Memory Models How the Binder Combines Segments