A Sports Center for Dallas Design Program Presented to Texas Tech University Lubbock, Texas In Fulifillment of the Requirements: For Architecture 422 By Henry D'Elena December 9,1975 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE A. Concepts/Nature of Project 1. Concepts 1 2. Nature of Project 1 3. Client/Finance 3 4. Downtown Da lias 3 5. Sports & Culture 10 B. Site Analysis 1. Criteria for Site Selection 24 2. Topography 24 3. Climatology 27 4. Geology and Soils 27 5. Hydrology 30 6. Ecology 30 7. * Existing Landscape 30 8. Utilities 30 9. Sun Angles, Surrounding Buildings 36 10. Easements 36 11. Zoning and Ordinances 36 C. Site Circulation and Transportation Systems 1. Bus Tra ns it 41 2. Regional Rail System 42 3. Local Rail Transit 49 I. PAGE 4. Pedestrian Facilities Network 53 5. Road and Parking Network 56 D. Building Code Analysis 1. Building Code 63 2. General 63 3. Exits 64 4. Doors 6i 5. Exit Corridors 65 6. Stairs 65 7. Ramps 66 8. Exit Enclosures 66 9. Exit Signs and Illumination 66 10. Aisles 67 11. Seats 67 12. Lighting and Ventilation 67 E. Activity Relationships/Functions 1. Concession Areas and Restroom Facilities .. 68 2. The Seating 68 3. The Floor 70 4. Ticket Booths and Offices 70 5. Administrative Offices 74 6. Public/Private Club 74 7. Control Room 77 8. Locker Facilities 77 PAGE 9. Press Facilities 78 10. Receiving and Storage Areas 78 11. Employee Lockers Mechanical and Janitorial Facilities 79 12. Graphics 79 13. Handicapped Facilities 79 14. Maintenance Considerations 80 F. Spatial & Equipment Requirements 1. Play Floor Surface - Seating 82 2. Concession Stands 82 3. Public Toilets 84 4. Ticket Facilities 84 5. Administrative Facilities 84 6. Home Team Locker Facilities 85 7. Visiting Team Locker Facilities 85 8. Dressing/Interview Rooms 85 9. Restaurant/Club 85 10. Press Facilities 85 11. Employee Locker Facilities 86 12. Truck Dock and Revolving Area 86 13. Storage Space ^^ 14. Mechanical Space 86 15. Janitorial Space 86 16. Maintenance Shop 87 III. Pi\GE G. Environmental Requirements 1. Ticket Booths 89 2. Concession Areas 90 3. The Seating Area 90 4. The Floor 90 5. The Club 91 6. Locker Facilities 91 7. The Environment 91 H. Conclusions 92 I. Bibliography 93 Appendix A - Existing Facilities 96 Appendix B - General Information 104 Appendix C - General Features of Indoor Facilities 109 IV. TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND CHARTS PAGE 1. Population Summary 4 2. Projected Annual Attendance 5 3. Projected Annual Admission Revenue 6 4. Projected Annual Event Revenue 7 5. Projected Annual Non-Event Revenue 8 6. Projected Annual Operating Expenses 8 7. Projected Annual Net Income 9 8. Development Activities Current and Proposed .. 11 9. Major Boulevards and Green Spaces 12 11. Functional Areas 13 12. Office Space Summary 14 13. Retail Sales Summary 15 14. Land Use Allocation 15 15. Assessed Valuation Summary 16 16. Dallas Central Business District, Major Buildings and Public Spaces 17 17. Assessed Land Valuation 1973 Tax Listing 20 18. Market Valuation Current Asking Price 21 19. General Site Area 25 20. Topography Map 26 21. Average Rainfall 28 22. Climatology Data 29 V. TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND CHARTS CONTD: PAGE 23. Soil Description 31 24. Soil Survey Interpretations 31 25. Soil Survey Interpretations for Selected Purposes 32 26. Methods of Sheilding Winds 33 27. Plants Adapated to Soil Type 34 28. Utilities Map 35 29. Solar Position and Energy Calculation 37 30. Surrounding Buildings and Areas 38 31. Revenue Passengers * CBD 43 32. Existing Bus Routes 44 33. Main Street Transitway 45 34. Regional System 46 35. Downtown System 47 36. Regional System • CBD 48 37. Shuttle Line No. 1 50 38. Shuttle Line No. 2 52 39. Grade Separated System 54 40. Average Distance and Walking Times 55 41. Reasonable Parking Demands 57 42. Site and Road Network 58 VI. TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND CHARTS CONTD. PAGE 43. Regional Highway Network 59 44. Average Travel Time 60 45. Traffic Flow 61 46. Sport Center Functional Relationship 71 47. Different Seating Patterns 72 48. Sight Lines 73 49. Floor System 83 50. System Plan 83 51. Possible Temporary Seating Arrangments 104 52. Possible Temporary Seating Arrangqtents 105 VII. conceplSi/natureHDrojec Concepts/Kature of Project Man functions as a total organism. Every experience leaves its imprint upon his totality. Part of that totality is recreation, the enrichment of living by individuals to find outlets for self-expression and to achieve desired communications of satisfactions. To help in expressing these satisfactions a sports center for Dallas is to be developed. The center should be an attraction of the city to communicate and put a memorable identity on the observers. The structure win have to communicate the functional and structural design from which it was inspired internally and externally. The imagination of the designer's feelings must be expressed in the center. The architecture of the center can be made delightful in many ways, by familiarity, by wonder and even by roots of fear. As first impressions are most important in discovering pleasure and experiencing that pleasure, environment is very important in the architectural effect of the center. The center should be a unity of environment and man. The sports center for Dallas's central businetja district (CBD) is to bring professional basketball - 1 - and hockey teams to the city as well as many other events. The site of the complex, in the southwest corner of the CBD, will be one of serveral new structures in the "Reunion" area. Reunion, a joint project between Hunt Investment Corporation and the City of Dallas "-ill become a center of activity for the CBD designed to attract residents and tourists alike. The site win include a 1000-room Hyatt Regency Hotel, a 50-story landmark tower with revolving cocktail lounge and restaurant, a retail shopping bridge connecting the hotel to Dallas Transportation Center (Old Union Terminal), and green spaces and fountains as well as the sports center. "Reunion", applying a joining of the old with tlie new is near the place ^'here John Neely Bryan's Cabin was located. Founder of the city. It is also a reunion with the spirit of "La Reunion", a settlement of French educators, aristocrats, artists and farmers to which many of Dallas's leading families trace their heritage . The client for the project will be the City of Dallas. This includes the city council but, mainly the people of the city and the surrounding area, that will be using the facility. Secondary clients will - 2 - be the professional teams using the center but their requirements are very minimal. The city win own, finance, operate, and develop the center. Financing will be through the sale of revenue bonds to the public. It is estimated that the center win cost approximately $25 million -"ith an estimated input of about $1.3 million a year. The projected attendance win be about 2,300,000 a year with a variety of over 200 events offered annually. The new facility is to hold approximately 18,000 spectators, almost twice as many as any present facility can hold within the city. This means a large market will be needed to support the center. The market area for the new facility is within a 35 mile radius around the CBD. That makes approximately 1,850,000 within the main marketiarea and about 1,550,000 within the county itself. While the city continues to grow more and more people '*'ill be added to the market area. Since travel ^ithin the county is relatively easy, no place in the county is more than about 30 minutes from the CBD by auto travel. Downtown Dallas is fast becoming a single purpose, office only, district. Diversification is a must if economic stability is to be maintained. The area's - 3 - POPULATION SUMMARY City Dallas County Dallas SMS A Total Population 1960 679,684 951,527 1 ,119,410 1970 844,401 1>,327,32 1 1 ,555,950 1974 924,462 1 ,549,221 1 ,818,030 Percentage Increase 60 - 70 24% 39.5% 39% 70 - 74 11.6% 16.7% 16.8% Dallas Percentage 1960 71% 60.6% 1970 64% 54.2% 1974 60% 51.8% Population Added 60 - 70 164,717 375,974 436,540 70 - 74 98,061 221,900 262,080 Dallas Percentage of Growth 60 - 70 43.7% 37.6% 70 - 74 44.3% 37.4% ^ 4 - PROJECTED ANNUAL ATTENDANCE lumber of Average Event Total ARENA USE Events Attendance Attendance • (IN Thousa nds ol Peopii Team Sports Hockey 44 5-12 528 Basketball 42 10 420 Soccer 11 9-15 111 Other Sports Boxing 2 10 20 Tennis 7 15-16.5 111 Track 1 15 15 Miscellaneous 1 10 10 Family Shows 243 Circus 29 7-9 90 Disney on Parade 9 10 122 Ice Shows 16 7 18 Lipizzan Stallions 3 6 8 160 Rodeo 20 Road Sho^s 24 Harlem Globetrotters 2 12 15 30 Roller Derby 2 8 24 Other 3 24 Horse Shows 3 12 150 Special Music 15 10 Religious & Political 3 17 51 50 Closed Circuit TV 5 10 120 Other/Special 20 6 2,333 TOTAL 238 - 5 - PROJECTED ANNUAL ADMISSION REVENUE (In Thousands of boTlars) Average Ticket Ticket % To Net to ARENA USE Price Sales Facility Facility Team Sports Hockey 3.50/5.50 2,904 12 348 Basketball 5.00 2,100 12 252 Soccer 3.00/3.75 356 12 43 Other Sports Boxing 5.00 100 14 14 Tennis 6.00/4.00 576 13 75 Track 3.50 52 14 7 Miscellaneous 3.00 30 14 4 Family Shows Circus 3.00 729 13 95 Disney on Parade 3.00 270 13 35 Ice Shows 3.00 366 13 48 Lipizzan Stallions 3.00 54 13 7 Rodeo 2.50 400 14 56 Road Shows Harlem Globetrotters 4.00 96 14 13 Roller Derby 3.50 105 14 15 Other 3.50 14 84 12 Horse Shows 3.00 108 14 115 Special Music 5.00 750 14 105 Religion & Political NA NA Flat 6 Closed Circuit TV 5.00 250 14 35 Other/Specials 3.00 360 14 50 TOTAL 9,690 1,235 - 6 - PROJECTED ANNUAL EVENT REVENUE Concess