Sustainable transport system: Mobility and Accessibility in Addis Ababa Safe pedestrian way SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEM: MOBILITY AND ACCESSIBILITY IN ADDIS ABABA Environmental and Infrastructure Planning Master thesis By Zeleke Lerango (S1986406) Supervisor: Prof.dr.ir. Paul Ike Faculty of spatial sciences Rijksuniversiteit Groningen August, 2011 Key words: Transportation, Sustainability, sustainable transport system, sustainable development, accessibility and mobility ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................. iii Acknowledgement .................................................................................................. v List of figures......................................................................................................... vi List of tables .......................................................................................................... vi List of maps ......................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations...................................................................................................... viii Abstract ................................................................................................................. ix 1.0. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the study area ................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the problems......................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Research objectives and research questions ............................................................................. 3 1.4. Research methodology ............................................................................................................. 3 1.5. Significance and scope of the study........................................................................................... 4 1.6. Limitations of the study ............................................................................................................ 4 1.7. Structure of the thesis ............................................................................................................... 4 2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 6 2.1. Overview of urban population growth and transport................................................................. 6 2.2. Urban transport in social, economic, and environmental context .............................................. 7 2.3. General characteristics of urban road transport in Africa ........................................................ 8 2.4. Sustainability and Sustainable Transportation System .............................................................. 9 2.4.1. Mobility .......................................................................................................................... 13 2.4.2. Accessibility ................................................................................................................... 14 2.4.3. Planning for sustainable transportation .......................................................................... 15 2.4.4. Mobility based transportation planning .......................................................................... 16 2.4.5. Accessibility based transportation planning .................................................................... 16 2.4.6. Mobility and social issues ............................................................................................... 17 2.4.7. Indicators of sustainable transport system ...................................................................... 19 Concluding remarks ....................................................................................................................... 24 3.0. STUDY AREA .............................................................................................. 27 3.1. Ethiopia profile ...................................................................................................................... 27 3.2. Addis Ababa‟s general profile ................................................................................................ 29 iii 3.2.1. Population ...................................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2. City development plan .................................................................................................... 31 3.2.3. Institutional set up .......................................................................................................... 32 3.2.4. Overview of public transport in Addis Ababa .................................................................. 33 4.0. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN TRANSPORT IN ADDIS ABABA ... 37 4.1. Economic goals ...................................................................................................................... 37 4.1.1. Economic productivity.................................................................................................... 37 4.1.2. Economic development .................................................................................................. 38 4.1.3. Energy efficiency ........................................................................................................... 38 4.1.4. Affordability .................................................................................................................. 39 4.2.2. Safety, security and health ............................................................................................... 50 4.2.3. Community development ................................................................................................. 52 Land use mix ................................................................................................................... 53 Overview of quality of roads and street environment in Addis Ababa ................................ 56 4.3.1. Prevent air pollution ......................................................................................................... 59 5.0. MAJOR FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION .............................................. 62 6.0. Recommendations .................................................................................. 69 References ............................................................................................. 71 iv Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor, Prof. dr. ir. Paul Ike, for his continuous support, comments and guidance throughout this research work. Really without his significant advices, constructive guidance and encouragement it would be hard to accomplish this work. I would like to thank also experts in Addis Ababa for their professional assistance, both in terms of literature material as well as several consultations. Especially I am very much grateful to Asfaw Masresha for his tireless support and encouragement throughout this research processes. And finally, I thank all stuffs of Faculty of spatial sciences who had contributed in one way or another to success of my overall study and this research in particular. v List of figures Fig 1.1 Structure of the thesis ................................................................................................ 5 Fig 2.1 Global Urban population growth trend .................................................................................. 6 Fig 2.2 Sustainable Transport Goals ................................................................................................. 8 Fig 3.1 Annual population growth trend of Addis Ababa .................................................................. 31 Fig. 3.2 City administration structure .............................................................................................. 32 Fig 3.3 Addis Ababa transport sector institutional set up ................................................................. 33 Fig 3.4 Addis Ababa‟s Anbessa buses ............................................................................................... 34 Fig 3.5 „Higer‟ buses ....................................................................................................................... 35 Fig 3.6 Addis Ababa blue colur minibuses ........................................................................................ 36 Fig 4.1 disorganised traffic flow ....................................................................................................... 38 Fig 4.2 Inappropriate public trasport services in Addis Ababa ......................................................... 44 Fig 4.3 Population and bus passenger‟s growth....................................................................................45 Fig 4.4 Addis Ababa new taxi zoning scheme implementation efforts...................................................47 Fig 4.5 Attitude toward use of different transport modes ................................................................... 48 Fig 4.6 death occurred due to traffic accident in Addis Ababa................................................51 Fig.4.7 property damage record per Birr wit in 1996-2008 ............................................................