Teaching Guidelines ..................................4 Lesson 11 .................................................................50 The Dog in the Manger Introduction to the Fable Stage ............................7 Lesson 12 .................................................................54 Definition of Terms ................................................9 The Mountain in Labor Lesson 13 .................................................................58 Lessons The Sick Lion Lesson 1 ...................................................................10 Lesson 14 .................................................................62 The Ant and the Chrysalis The Ass and the Lapdog Lesson 2 ...................................................................14 Lesson 15 .................................................................66 The Ant and the Grasshopper The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing Lesson 3 ...................................................................18 Lesson 16 .................................................................70 The Fox and the Grapes The Ass and the Mule Lesson 4 ...................................................................22 Lesson 17 .................................................................74 The Hare and the Tortoise The Frogs Asking for a King Lesson 5 ...................................................................26 Lesson 18 .................................................................78 The Fisherman Piping The Mischievous Dog Lesson 6 ...................................................................30 Lesson 19 .................................................................82 The Flies and the Honey-Pot The Old Woman and the Physician Lesson 7 ...................................................................34 Lesson 20 .................................................................86 The Bear and the Two Travelers The Fighting Cocks and the Eagle Lesson 8 ...................................................................38 The Dove and the Ant Appendix Lesson 9 ...................................................................42 The Thirsty Pigeon Figures of Description with Examples ................92 Lesson 10 .................................................................46 Introduction to the Progymnasmata The Dog and the Shadow by James A. Selby ...................................................97 3 The Ant and the Chrysalis Read the fable aloud. An Ant nimbly running about in the sunshine in search of food came across a Chrysalis that was very near its time of change. The Chrysalis moved its tail, and thus att racted the 1. THE FABLE att ention of the Ant, who then saw for the fi rst time that it was alive. “Poor, pitiable animal!” cried the Ant disdainfully. “What a sad fate is yours! While I can 1. Read the fable aloud to the class. run hither and thither, at my pleasure, and, if I wish, ascend the tallest tree, you lie imprisoned here in your shell, with power only to move a joint or two of your scaly tail.” 2. Say the following words aloud The Chrysalis heard all this, but did not try to make any reply. A few days after, when the Ant and ask for students to define. passed that way again, nothing but the shell remained. Wondering what had become of its contents, he felt himself suddenly shaded and fanned by the gorgeous wings of a beautiful Butt erfl y. Guide them towards the proper “Behold in me,” said the Butt erfl y, “your much-pitied friend! Boast now of your powers definition. to run and climb as long as you can get me to listen.” So saying, the Butt erfl y rose in the air, and, borne along and aloft on the summer breeze, » — the hard-shelled pupa of a chrysalis was soon lost to the sight of the Ant forever. moth or butterfly » pitiable — pitiful or producing pity “Appearances are deceptive.” Æ “the pitiable homeless children” » disdainfully — showing scorn or contempt Three Plot Components Æ “The judge looked disdainfully at the criminal.” Give examples of recognition, reversal, and suffering (if applicable). » ascend — to climb, to move higher “An Ant nimbly running about in the sunshine in search of food”; “The Chrysalis Æ “ascend the mountain” 1. Recognition: ____________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________moved its tail”; “ nothing but the shell remained.” » boast — to speak pridefully about oneself 2. Reversal: _______________________________________________________________________________“ he felt himself suddenly shaded and fanned by the gorgeous wings of a beautiful Æ “He boasts about winning the race.” _______________________________________________________________________________________Butterfl y. “Behold in me,” said the Butterfl y, “your much-pitied friend!” » borne — carried, held up, supported 3. Suffering: _______________________________________________________________________________“soon lost to the sight of the ant forever” Æ “The rider was borne by the horse to town.” _______________________________________________________________________________________ » aloft — high up, in the air Æ “sleeping aloft on the top bunk” Variations: Part 1 Give at least two synonyms for the selected words in each sentence. 3. Say: “How does knowing these Then vary the sentence in three ways. words help you better understand 1. “I can ascend the tallest tree.” the story?” I: _________________________________________________________________________________myself, athlete (I, athlete), person, adult, child can: ______________________________________________________________________________am able, am empowered, have the ability to, may, have the skills to, am allowed 4. Tell students to highlight examples ascend: ___________________________________________________________________________climb, scale, crawl up, pull myself up, negotiate, zoom to the top of recognition and reversal as you tallest: _____________________________________________________________________________highest, biggest, most massive, most impressive, loftiest, largest or selected students read the fable tree: ______________________________________________________________________________vine, plant, sapling, oak, pine, maple, birch aloud once or twice more. 1. _________________________________________________________________________________The tallest tree I, myself, can ascend. Recognition occurs in either of two ways: 2. _________________________________________________________________________________I, an athlete, am able to climb the highest oak. A. a truth, event, or character is described in 3. _________________________________________________________________________________I, a person, have the ability to scale the most massive plant. such a way that the reader identifies with or remembers a similar experience (e.g., the fable may remind us of a time when Lesson 1 we saw an ant look for food); 10 B. the audience discovers a truth not realized previously in the story (e.g., realizing that Joseph’s sufferings in Egypt were intended » We may have seen an empty chrysalis shell. for good - God meant to save people from famine through Joseph’s leadership). 6. Ask the students for the reversal, and point it out: Reversal occurs when either: Æ … he felt himself suddenly shaded and fanned by the gorgeous wings of a A. the high and mighty are brought low (e.g., beautiful Butterfly. “Behold in me,” said the Butterfly, “your much-pitied the Ant) friend!” B. the low and humble are elevated (e.g., » The Ant, who before assumed his superiority over the Chrysalis, is brought the Chrysalis). low because the Chrysalis has become a Butterfly, who can soar high 5. Ask the students for examples of above the Ant. We can also say, therefore, that the lowly Chrysalis has recognition in the fable and point been elevated to a Butterfly. out the following instances: 7. Ask the students for examples of Suffering in the narrative and point the following example: Æ An Ant nimbly running about in the sunshine for food. Æ … soon lost to the sight of the ant forever … » We have probably all seen an ant on the » When the ant is left behind he realizes that he is the one to be pitied; the ground. butterfly is freer than he is. Æ The Chrysalis moved its tail … 8. Choose students to narrate the fable in their own words » We may have seen a caterpillar or chrysalis from memory. before it became a butterfly. Æ … nothing but the shell remained. 10 • The Ant and the Chrysalis 2. “He was stuck in the thick boughs of a great terebinth tree …” 2 Samuel 18:9 (NKJV) stuck: _____________________________________________________________________________caught, held fast, detained against his will, trapped LESSON 1 thick boughs: ______________________________________________________________________substantial limbs, beefy arms, hefty branches, enormous appendages terebinth tree: ______________________________________________________________________turpentine-producing tree, variety of tree or tree from the Mediterranean » Ensure that students are keeping the 1. _________________________________________________________________________________He was held fast in the substantial limbs of a great turpentine-producing tree. meaning of the sentences intact, while also 2. _________________________________________________________________________________He was detained in the beefy arms of a great Mediterranean variety of tree. encouraging them to use variety in their 3. _________________________________________________________________________________He