ISSN 1948-0210 (online) World Journal of Stem Cells World J Stem Cells 2020 January 26; 12(1): 1-99 Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc World Journal of W J S C Stem Cells Contents Monthly Volume 12 Number 1 January 26, 2020 EDITORIAL 1 Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations Baptista LS REVIEW 8 Regeneration of the central nervous system-principles from brain regeneration in adult zebrafish Zambusi A, Ninkovic J 25 Inducing human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation through embryoid bodies: A practical and stable approach Guo NN, Liu LP, Zheng YW, Li YM ORIGINAL ARTICLE Basic Study 35 Sphere-forming corneal cells repopulate dystrophic keratoconic stroma: Implications for potential therapy Wadhwa H, Ismail S, McGhee JJ, Werf BVD, Sherwin T 55 Early therapeutic effect of platelet-rich fibrin combined with allogeneic bone marrow-derived stem cells on rats' critical-sized mandibular defects Awadeen MA, Al-Belasy FA, Ameen LE, Helal ME, Grawish ME 70 Generation of induced secretome from adipose-derived stem cells specialized for disease-specific treatment: An experimental mouse model Kim OH, Hong HE, Seo H, Kwak BJ, Choi HJ, Kim KH, Ahn J, Lee SC, Kim SJ 87 HIF-2α regulates CD44 to promote cancer stem cell activation in triple-negative breast cancer via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling Bai J, Chen WB, Zhang XY, Kang XN, Jin LJ, Zhang H, Wang ZY WJSC https://www.wjgnet.com I January 26, 2020 Volume 12 Issue 1 World Journal of Stem Cells Contents Volume 12 Number 1 January 26, 2020 ABOUT COVER Editorial Board Member of World Journal of Stem Cells, Nicolas Dard, MSc, PhD, Associate Professor, Department Science, Medicine, Human Biology, University Paris 13, Bobigny 93017, France AIMS AND SCOPE The primary aim of World Journal of Stem Cells (WJSC, World J Stem Cells) is to provide scholars and readers from various fields of stem cells with a platform to publish high-quality basic and clinical research articles and communicate their research findings online. WJSC publishes articles reporting research results obtained in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, related to the wide range of stem cells including embryonic stem cells, germline stem cells, tissue- specific stem cells, adult stem cells, mesenchymal stromal cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, embryoid bodies, embryonal carcinoma stem cells, hemangioblasts, hematopoietic stem cells, lymphoid progenitor cells, myeloid progenitor cells, etc. INDEXING/ABSTRACTING The WJSC is now indexed in PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Citation Index Expanded (also known as SciSearch®), Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Biological Abstracts, and BIOSIS Previews. The 2019 Edition of Journal Citation Reports cites the 2018 impact factor for WJSC as 3.534 (5-year impact factor: N/A), ranking WJSC as 16 among 26 journals in Cell and Tissue Engineering (quartile in category Q3), and 94 among 193 journals in Cell Biology (quartile in category Q2). 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All rights reserved. 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA E-mail: [email protected] https://www.wjgnet.com WJSC https://www.wjgnet.com II January 26, 2020 Volume 12 Issue 1 World Journal of W J S C Stem Cells Submit a Manuscript: https://www.f6publishing.com World J Stem Cells 2020 January 26; 12(1): 1-7 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i1.1 ISSN 1948-0210 (online) EDITORIAL Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations Leandra Santos Baptista ORCID number: Leandra Santos Leandra Santos Baptista, Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Baptista (0000-0001-9998-8044). Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil Author contributions: Baptista LS drafted the article, contributed to Leandra Santos Baptista, Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of the conception and design of the Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil manuscript, wrote the manuscript and approved the final version of Leandra Santos Baptista, Post-graduate Program in Translational Biomedicine (Biotrans), the article. Unigranrio, Campus I, Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil Supported by the Carlos Chagas Leandra Santos Baptista, Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Filho Foundation for Research Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology Support of the State of Rio de (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil Janeiro (FAPERJ), No. E- 26/202.682/2018. Corresponding author: Leandra Santos Baptista, PhD, Associate Professor, Laboratory of Conflict-of-interest statement: The Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of author declares no conflict of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil. interest. [email protected] Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and Abstract fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in This article presents the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose accordance with the Creative tissue, briefly comparing them with their bone marrow counterparts, and Commons Attribution Non discussing their potential for use in regenerative medicine. Subcutaneous adipose Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) tissue differs from other mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) sources in that license, which permits others to it contains a pre-adipocyte population that dwells in the adventitia of robust distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, blood vessels. Pre-adipocytes are present both in the stromal-vascular fraction and license their derivative works (SVF; freshly isolated cells) and in the adherent fraction of adipose stromal/stem on different terms, provided the cells (ASCs; in vitro expanded cells), and have an active role on the chronic original work is properly cited and inflammation environment established in obesity, likely due their monocytic- the use is non-commercial. See: macrophage lineage identity. The SVF and ASCs have been explored in cell http://creativecommons.org/licen ses/by-nc/4.0/ therapy protocols with relative success, given their paracrine and immunomodulatory effects. Importantly, the widely explored multipotentiality Manuscript source: Invited of ASCs has direct application in bone, cartilage and adipose tissue engineering. manuscript The aim of this editorial is to reinforce the peculiarities of the stem and progenitor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue, revealing the spheroids as a Received: June 4, 2019 recently described biotechnological tool for cell therapy and tissue engineering. Peer-review started: June 5, 2019 Innovative cell culture techniques, in particular 3D scaffold-free cultures such as First decision: August 1,2019 Revised: October 11, 2019 spheroids, are now available to increase the potential for regeneration and Accepted: November 14, 2019 differentiation of mesenchymal lineages. Spheroids are being explored not only Article in press: November 14, 2019 as a model for cell differentiation, but also as powerful 3D cell culture tools to maintain the stemness and expand the regenerative and differentiation capacities WJSC https://www.wjgnet.com 1 January 26, 2020 Volume 12 Issue 1 Baptista LS. ASCs: potentials and limitations Published online: January 26, 2020 of mesenchymal cell lineages. P-Reviewer: Garg M, Hernanda PY, Musumeci G Key words: Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells; Subcutaneous adipose tissue; Stromal- S-Editor: Dou Y vascular fraction; Adipose stromal/stem cells; Regenerative medicine; Cell therapy; L-Editor: A Tissue engineering; Spheroids E-Editor: Zhang YL ©The Author(s) 2020. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. Core tip: Adipose tissue, notably subcutaneous, has a population of CD34-positive progenitor cells functionally known as pre-adipocytes. The pre-adipocytes have molecular and functional identities with the monocytic-macrophagic lineage and are altered in metabolic diseases such as obesity. To what extent will new 3D tools in cell culture, such as spheroids, be able to overcome the limitations imposed by 2D monolayer culture and unravel dormant capabilities of adipose stromal/stem cells? Citation: Baptista LS. Adipose stromal/stem cells in regenerative medicine: Potentials and limitations. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12(1): 1-7 URL: