MINISTRY OF EDUCATION THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION COLLEGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR SEPARATE VOLUME SURVEY REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS JUNE, 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) YAMASHITA SEKKEI INC. KRI INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION BINKO INTERNATIONAL LTD. HM JR 14-065 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR IMPROVEMENT OF EDUCATION COLLEGE IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR SEPARATE VOLUME SURVEY REPORT ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS JUNE, 2014 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) YAMASHITA SEKKEI INC. KRI INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION BINKO INTERNATIONAL LTD. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviation CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ················································································ 1-1 1.1 Background .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 JICA Preparatory Survey ................................................................................................. 1-1 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND COMPONENT ··············································· 2-1 2.1 Project Location ··················································································· 2-1 2.2 Basic Design and Components for Facilities ·················································· 2-2 CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN MYANMAR ····························· 3-1 3.1 Relevant Policy and Legislation on Environment ············································ 3-1 3.1.1 Constitution (2008) ········································································· 3-1 3.1.2 National Environmental Policy (1994) ·················································· 3-1 3.1.3 Myanmar Agenda 21 (1997) ······························································ 3-1 3.1.4 Environmental Conservation Law (2012) ··············································· 3-1 3.1.5 Other Relevant Legislations on Environment ·········································· 3-2 3.1.6 International Treaties and Agreements on Environment Issues ······················ 3-3 3.2 Organizations for Environmental Management ··············································· 3-4 3.2.1 National Environmental Conservation Committee (NECC) ·························· 3-4 3.2.2 Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECAF) ················ 3-5 3.2.3 Sectoral Framework ········································································ 3-6 3.2.4 Environmental NGOs ······································································ 3-7 3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment System ··················································· 3-7 3.3.1 Environmental Conservation Rules ······················································ 3-7 3.3.2 EIA Procedures ············································································· 3-7 3.3.3 National Environmental Quality Standards ············································· 3-8 CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITION IN PROJECT AREA ························ 4-1 4.1 Pollution ···························································································· 4-1 4.1.1 Air Quality ·················································································· 4-1 4.1.2 Water Quality ··············································································· 4-2 4.1.3 Solid Waste ·················································································· 4-3 4.1.4 Soil Quality ·················································································· 4-4 4.1.5 Noise ························································································· 4-4 4.1.6 Ground Subsidence ········································································· 4-6 4.1.7 Offensive Odors ············································································ 4-6 4.2 Natural Environment ············································································· 4-7 4.2.1 Climate ······················································································· 4-7 4.2.2 Geology, Topography and Soil ························································· 4-10 TOC-i 4.2.3 Earthquake ················································································ 4-10 4.2.4 Hydrology and Ground Water ·························································· 4-12 4.2.5 Landscape ················································································· 4-13 4.2.6 Flora ························································································ 4-13 4.2.7 Fauna ······················································································· 4-15 4.3 Social Environment ············································································· 4-19 4.3.1 Demography and Community ·························································· 4-19 4.3.2 Economic Activities ······································································ 4-21 4.3.3 Land Use ··················································································· 4-22 4.3.4 Traffic and Public Transportation ······················································ 4-22 4.3.5 Infrastructure and Public Facilities ···················································· 4-24 4.3.6 Archaeological and Cultural Property ················································· 4-24 CHAPTER 5 INTERVIEW AND MEETING WITH STAKEHOLDER ······································· 5-1 5.1 Interviews and Key Meetings (Phase 1) ······················································· 5-1 5.1.1 Interviews (Phase 1) ······································································· 5-2 5.1.2 Meetings and Discussions (Phase 1) ····················································· 5-5 5.2 Stakeholders Meetings (Phase 2) ······························································· 5-7 5.2.1 Outlines of the Stakeholders Meetings (Phase 2) ······································ 5-7 5.2.2 Outcomes of the Stakeholders Meetings (Phase 2) ···································· 5-8 5.3 Conclusion ······················································································· 5-11 5.3.1 Three Tombs in the Project Site ························································ 5-11 5.3.2 Two Pathways in the Project Site ······················································ 5-11 5.3.3 Countermeasures ········································································· 5-12 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS ······································ 6-1 6.1 Procedures on Environmental Impact Assessment in Myanmar ···························· 6-1 6.2 JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations ···························· 6-1 6.3 Project Alternative ················································································ 6-2 6.4 Without-Project (Zero Option) ·································································· 6-3 6.5 Scoping and TOR for Environmental and Social Considerations ·························· 6-3 6.5.1 Scoping Results ············································································· 6-3 6.5.2 TOR for Environmental and Social Considerations Study ··························· 6-5 6.6 Results of Environmental and Social Considerations Study ································ 6-6 6.6.1 Air Pollution ················································································ 6-6 6.6.2 Water Pollution ············································································· 6-7 6.6.3 Wastes ························································································ 6-8 6.6.4 Soil Contamination ······································································· 6-10 6.6.5 Noise and Vibration ············································································ 6-10 TOC-ii 6.6.6 Subsidence ················································································ 6-11 6.6.7 Ecosystem ················································································· 6-11 6.6.8 Land Acquisition and Resettlement ···················································· 6-12 6.6.9 Living and Livelihood ··································································· 6-14 6.6.10 Land Use and Regional Resources ··················································· 6-14 6.6.11 Water Right and Use of Water ························································· 6-15 6.6.12 Social Infrastructures and Services ··················································· 6-15 6.6.13 Heritage ·················································································· 6-15 6.6.14 Risk of Infectious Diseases such as HIV/AIDS ···································· 6-16 6.6.15 Working Conditions/Work Safety ···················································· 6-16 6.6.16 Accidents ················································································· 6-16 6.7 Impact Assessment on Environment and Social ············································ 6-17 6.8 Countermeasures and EMP (Draft) ··························································· 6-20 6.9 Monitoring Plan ················································································· 6-21 CHAPTER 7 LAND ACQUISITION AND RESETTLEMENT (DUE DILIGENCE) ························