Integrated Lighting System Design And Visualisation. "The simulation and presentation of lighting effects." RENDERING REALITY VOLUME ONE SIMON CRONE ARCHITECTURAL DISSERTATION NOVEMBER 1992 Architectural Dissertation 599 November 1992 INTEGRATED LIGHTING SYSTEM DESIGN AND VISUALISATION. The simulation and presentation of lighting effects. Volume One RENDERING REALITY Simon Michael Dalrymple Crone. Tutor Neville D'Cruz Co Tutor Terry McMinn Preface. The idea of totally perceiving and visualising three dimensional design has always intrigued me. To be able to know exactly how the finished design will look and feel requires a unique insight to which all designers aspire. It is this insight that enables designers to exhibit control in the evolution of their designs. It is one thing to have this gift of insight but without the ability to communicate the vision to others the final goal cannot be reached. Design is about ideas and communicating those ideas. One increasingly accessible application available to designers is the use of the computer as a visualisation and communication tool. It is here that my personal interest lies. The computer is both a design tool for the designer to evaluate designs and as a communication device for showing the design. My quest for total visualisation has led me through the experience of three dimensional modelling systems and into realistic rendering. The current rendering system platform in the Curtin Architecture department has provided, through the CAN Raytrace program and EAGLE 3D modeler, an impressive integrated design tool. However it does not incorporate realistic lighting values based on physical models. So my search began... Simon Crone. Acknowledgments I wish to thank the following for providing all their expertise and support; Neville D'Cruz ( Senior Tutor ) Terry McMinn ( Co Tutor ) Andrew Marriott ( Co Tutor ) Greg Ward ( RADIANCE Author, LBL ) and all my luddite friends and family. A SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENT GOES TO THE LIGHTING SYSTEMS RESEARCH GROUP AT LAWRENCE BERKELEY LABORATORY AS WELL AS THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND THE LESO GROUP AT EPPL IN SWITZERLAND. WITHOUT THE RADIANCE PROGRAM I WOULD STILL BE RENDERING BY HAND. i Contents PREFACE. .............................................................................................................................................. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS....................................................................................................................... i CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................0 1. INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................2 1.1. OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................................3 2. BACKGROUND TO REALISTIC RENDERING.............................................................................4 2.1. REPRESENTATION OR SIMULATION OF REALITY? ...................................................................................4 2.1.1. Illusion based rendering .............................................................................................................4 2.1.2. Physical based rendering............................................................................................................4 2.2. THE ILLUMINATION PROCESS ...............................................................................................................5 2.2.1. Boundaries. ................................................................................................................................5 2.2.2. Reflections..................................................................................................................................6 2.2.2.1. Lambertian Diffuse Reflection ............................................................................................................6 2.2.2.2. Specular Reflection.............................................................................................................................7 Mirror Specular ..........................................................................................................................................7 The Phong Model .......................................................................................................................................7 2.2.3. Transmission...............................................................................................................................8 3. RAYTRACING .................................................................................................................................10 4. RADIOSITY......................................................................................................................................11 5. RADIANCE DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................12 6. RADIANCE EVALUATION ............................................................................................................14 6.1. CASE STUDY ONE - UNDERWOOD GALLERY. ......................................................................................14 6.1.1. Autocad converter ....................................................................................................................14 6.1.2. Brick texture patterns ...............................................................................................................15 6.1.3. Daylighting...............................................................................................................................15 6.1.4. RADIANCE to EAGLE..............................................................................................................16 6.1.5. Gallery Materials .....................................................................................................................16 6.1.6. Gallery Lights...........................................................................................................................17 0 6.1.7. Trees.........................................................................................................................................17 6.1.8. Conclusion................................................................................................................................19 6.2. CASE STUDY TWO - ZURICH HOUSE FOYER. ........................................................................................19 6.2.1. EAGLE Conversion ..................................................................................................................19 6.2.2. IES lighting lamps ....................................................................................................................19 6.2.3. Interreflection...........................................................................................................................20 6.2.4. Conclusion................................................................................................................................20 7. DESIGN PLATFORM ......................................................................................................................21 7.1. EAGLE TO RADIANCE CONVERSION ..............................................................................................21 7.1.1. MOG Files................................................................................................................................21 7.1.2. Mog2rad Utility........................................................................................................................21 7.2. USER INTERFACE ...............................................................................................................................22 7.2.1. Eagle2rad Macros ....................................................................................................................22 7.2.2. Materials ..................................................................................................................................23 7.2.3. Lights specification...................................................................................................................23 7.3. OTHER PROGRAMS ............................................................................................................................24 7.3.1. Trans program..........................................................................................................................24 7.3.2. Colour program........................................................................................................................24 7.3.3. Pic2dat program.......................................................................................................................24 7.3.4. Standard RADIANCE Makefile.................................................................................................24 8. CONCLUSION AND AREAS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH...........................................................26 9. REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................28 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................................................................30 APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................................33