Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. v Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. viii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 Sub-regional context ........................................................................................................................... 1 The 2030 Agenda ................................................................................................................................ 3 International norms and standards .................................................................................................... 4 Commitments to the SDGs .............................................................................................................. 4 Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 ........................................................... 4 Paris Agreement on Climate Change .............................................................................................. 4 Commitments deriving from international human rights instruments and mechanisms .............. 5 The Common Country Assessment (CCA) ........................................................................................... 5 2. Progress towards the 2030 Agenda ................................................................................................ 6 SDG implementation trends ............................................................................................................... 6 Impact of COVID-19 on SDG progress ............................................................................................. 8 SDG integration ................................................................................................................................. 10 SDG data and monitoring .................................................................................................................. 10 Regional strategies for monitoring SDGs ...................................................................................... 10 Challenges with SDG data and monitoring ................................................................................... 11 3. Leaving no one behind .................................................................................................................. 12 Key challenges, their drivers and root causes .................................................................................. 12 People living in informal settlements ........................................................................................... 12 Persons with disabilities ................................................................................................................ 13 LGBTQI persons ............................................................................................................................. 14 Persons living with HIV/AIDS ........................................................................................................ 14 Youth (aged 15–24) ....................................................................................................................... 15 Children ......................................................................................................................................... 17 Elderly and other vulnerable groups............................................................................................. 18 Migrants and refugees .................................................................................................................. 19 Human rights ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Administration of justice ............................................................................................................... 20 Progress on international human rights obligations .................................................................... 20 Challenges to the human rights architecture ............................................................................... 21 Gender equality and women’s empowerment ................................................................................. 21 Sexual and gender-based violence ............................................................................................... 22 Path to 2030 ...................................................................................................................................... 23 4. Multi-dimensional vulnerability risk analysis ................................................................................ 24 Risks to peace and security ............................................................................................................... 24 Key challenges, their drivers and root causes............................................................................... 24 Democratic space .......................................................................................................................... 25 Path to 2030 .................................................................................................................................. 28 Risks to sustainable economic growth .............................................................................................. 29 Trade volatility, economic growth and stability ........................................................................... 29 Climate change and environmental shocks .................................................................................. 29 Food security, agriculture and land .............................................................................................. 29 Economic diversification ............................................................................................................... 30 Path to 2030 .................................................................................................................................. 31 Risks to social progress and social cohesion ..................................................................................... 31 Key challenges, their drivers and root causes............................................................................... 31 Path to 2030 .................................................................................................................................. 38 Risks to the environment and climate resilience .............................................................................. 38 Key challenges, their drivers and root causes............................................................................... 39 Path to 2030 .................................................................................................................................. 48 5. Financing sustainable development ............................................................................................. 49 Economic transformation ................................................................................................................. 49 Existing strategies and policies ..................................................................................................... 49 Opportunities and constraints ...................................................................................................... 53 SDG financing landscape ................................................................................................................... 53 Existing strategies and policies ..................................................................................................... 53 Opportunities and constraints ...................................................................................................... 54 6. Institutional gaps, capacity and challenges .................................................................................. 55 Governance and institutional capacity ............................................................................................. 55 7. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Human well-being and capabilities ................................................................................................... 56 Governance ................................................................................................................................... 56 Economy and finance .................................................................................................................... 57 Individual and collective action .................................................................................................... 58 Science and technology ................................................................................................................ 60 Sustainable and just economies ....................................................................................................... 61 Governance ................................................................................................................................... 61 Economy and finance ...................................................................................................................