Padre Island NS: Administrative History (Table of Contents) Padre Island Administrative History TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover List of Figures Acknowledgements Executive Summary Chapter One: Introduction Location and Setting Access Facilities and Infrastructure Scenic and Recreational Opportunities Interpretive Activities National Park Service Administration Popular Images of Padre Island Chapter Two: Early History and Use of Padre Island Historical Accounts of Padre Island Native American Inhabitants European Exploration and Settlement American Contact and Settlement Patrick Dunn's Ranching Empire Chapter Three: Public Park or Private Seashore: The Padre Island Dilemma Texas State Parks Board and Padre Island Private Development on Padre Island National Park Service Recognizes Padre Island Texas Parks and Politics National Park Service Continues Investigation of Padre Island Private Development Affecting Park Proposals National Park Service Initiative Develops, 1950-1959 Chapter Four: Legislative History Legislative Efforts Begin: 1958 Region III Evaluation and Leadership: 1958-59 First Subcommittee Hearings: 1959 Kennedy-Johnson Era Begins: 1960 Second Subcommittee Hearings: 1961-62 The National Park Service Re-evaluates: 1962 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/pais/adhit.htm[8/12/2013 3:43:13 PM] Padre Island NS: Administrative History (Table of Contents) State and Federal Differences: 1962 Senate Hearing and Passage of S.4: 1962 Chapter Five: Padre Island Becomes a National Seashore, 1963-1970 Park Establishment Development of Park Headquarters Park Planning and Public Relations Malaquite Beach Facilities Chapter Six: Management and Planning Issues, 1970-1980 Malaquite Beach Pavilion and Facilities Grazing Permits Master Plan Development Spoil Islands Cabins and Chappell Cabin New Headquarters Building Negotiations with Concessionaire Visitation and Law Enforcement Implementation of Master Plan New Issues in the Management of Padre Island Chapter Seven: Management and Planning Issues, 1980-1993 Hurricane Allen General Management Plan/Development Concept Plan Land Protection Plan Malaquite Beach Pavilion Law Enforcement Issues Hazardous Substances and Waste Palo Alto National Battlefield Development Chapter Eight: Natural Resource Issues Natural Resources of Padre Island National Seashore Aquatic and Waterfowl Resources Management Plan, 1969-1979 Dune Migration and Stabilization Studies Island Ecosystems Marine Debris Survey Laguna Madre Environment Colonial Waterbird Survey White Pelicans Vegetation Research/Restoration Projects Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle Project Inshore Sea Turtle Research Peregrine Falcon Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Chapter Nine: Cultural Resource Issues Surface Archeological Investigations Underwater Archeological Investigations Novillo Line Camp Chapter Ten: Interpretation and Collections Management http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/pais/adhit.htm[8/12/2013 3:43:13 PM] Padre Island NS: Administrative History (Table of Contents) History of Management 1975 Interpretive Prospectus 1989 Interpretive Prospectus Environmental Education Program Collections Management Chapter Eleven: Special Events and Public Relations Public Relations and Special Events, 1962-1970 Dedication of Padre Island National Seashore, April 8, 1968 Public Relations and Special Events, 1970-1990 Chapter Twelve: A National Seashore for the Future: Managing the Internal and External Threats Internal Threat: Inadequate Budget Internal Threat: Bird Island Basin Use Conflicts Internal Threat: Visitor Degradation External Threat: Adjacent Land Use External Threat: Causeway Construction External Threat: Hazardous Containers External Threat: Law Enforcement Issues External Threat: Resource Degradation External Threat: Mansfield Channel Park Strategies for Management of Threats Bibliography Index (omitted from the online edition) Appendices: Appendix A: Legislation Public Law 87-712 Public Law 90-594 Public Law 91-42 Appendix B: Personnel Biographies of Padre Island National Seashore Superintendents Partial List of Padre Island National Seashore Employees Appendix C: Visitation Statistics Addendum: Events since 1994 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of Padre Island National Seashore Figure 2. Windsurfing at Bird Island Basin Figure 3. Fishing in the Gulf of Mexico http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/pais/adhit.htm[8/12/2013 3:43:13 PM] Padre Island NS: Administrative History (Table of Contents) Figure 4. Ranger Program Figure 5. Map of Cultural Resources Figure 6. The Wreckage of the S.S. Nicaragua on Padre Island Figure 7. Automobile Visitors on Padre Island, 1913 Figure 8. An Early Automobile Being Loaded on a Ferry, 1913 Figure 9. Entrance to Padre Island Causeway, ca. 1940 Figure 10. National Park Service Visitors to Padre Island, 1937 Figure 11. J.F.K. Causeway, ca. 1950 Figure 12. Senator Ralph Yarborough, 1960 Figure 13. Park Visitors along Malaquite Beach Figure 14. President John F. Kennedy Signing PAIS Legislation Figure 15. First Superintendent William Bowen and Second Superintendent Ernest Borgman In Front of New Padre Island National Seashore Headquarters, 1960s Figure 16. Map of Land Acquisition Figure 17. Caffey Barracks Adapted as Ranger Station Figure 18. Malaquite Beach Facilities Figure 19. Aerial View of Malaquite Beach Pavilion and Facilities Figure 20. Map of PAIS Figure 21. Typical Spoil Island Cabins Figure 22. Debris from Hurricane Allen, 1980 Figure 23. Visitor Center Figure 24. Aerial View of Padre Island, 1937 Figure 25. Measuring Birds Figure 26. Collecting Marine Debris Figure 27. Imprinting Young Turtles Figure 28. Nesting Sea Turtle Figure 29. Patrick Dunn's Novillo Line Camp Figure 30. Ranger Program Figure 31. Bird Island Basin Visitors Use <<< Previous <<< Contents>>> Next >>> pais/adhi/adhit.htm Last Updated: 14-Jun-2005 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/pais/adhit.htm[8/12/2013 3:43:13 PM] Padre Island NS: Administrative History PADRE ISLAND Administrative History Padre Island National Seashore: An Administrative History W. Dwayne Jones 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS pais/adhi/index.htm Last Updated: 14-Jun-2005 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/pais/index.htm[8/12/2013 3:43:22 PM] Padre Island NS: Administrative History (Acknowledgements) Padre Island Administrative History ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In 1988 Nancy Burford of the Texas A&M University Department of History initiated the administrative history for Padre Island National Seashore. She researched and drafted several chapters before discontinuing her effort. This work is incorporated in the current document most directly in the chapter on the park's legislative history. Many people assisted in the research and final preparation of this work and deserve thanks. The park personnel at Padre Island National Seashore are the first to be thanked. Former Superintendent Butch Farabee deserves credit for reviving interest in the administrative history, John Lujan for overseeing my work and serving as a contact, Kristey Bosworth for orientation and assistance with the collections, Anita McDaniel and Tommy McDaniel for giving interviews and handling extensive paperwork, and many others for their cooperation and assistance when requested. A special thanks goes to Robert Whistler, former Chief Naturalist at Padre Island, for reviewing the draft manuscripts and providing additional information when needed. Without his long years of collecting information on the park and securing the collections, this writing would not be possible. John Miller also provided extensive comments on the park's natural resources and gave additional insight into this important aspect of its history. At the Southwest Regional Office, I thank Neil Mangum for helping to locate needed documents and reviewing drafts. Another special thanks goes to Senator Ralph Yarborough of Austin, Texas. The Senator and his assistant, Deanna DiCuffa, answered many questions and unselfishly gave of their time for the project. Senator Yarborough was one of Padre Island's most fervent supporters who fought up to his recent death to protect the integrity of the National Seashore. He was forever dedicated to the conservation of the island's resources and receives far too little credit for his accomplishments in that regard. Finally, I appreciate the assistance of David and Judy Moore, Terri Meyers, Anne Malanka and Gretchen Bostedt of Hardy-Heck-Moore. Without their support and help in finalizing the manuscript, this would not have been possible. Dwayne Jones Austin, Texas February 1998 <<< Previous <<< Contents>>> Next >>> pais/adhi/adhi0a.htm Last Updated: 14-Jun-2005 http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/pais/adhi0a.htm[8/12/2013 3:43:30 PM] Padre Island NS: Administrative History (Executive Summary) Padre Island Administrative History EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Padre Island National Seashore, authorized by Congress in 1962, covers 66 miles of the approximately 113-mile long Padre Island in South Texas. Padre Island is the longest natural barrier island along the Gulf of Mexico broken only by the Mansfield Channel, a shipping channel dredged to the Port of Mansfield. The island is noted for its expansive white sandy beaches and tall foredunes that run along its eastern edge. On its western boundary, the island shelters the Laguna Madre, a shallow lagoon varying in width from several hundred to six miles in width. The lagoon is one of the richest habitats for sea and animal life along the Gulf Coast. Despite development to the north and south, Padre