INDEX A All Bengal Railway Indian Abdullah Sani bib Raja Kechil, Employees Association, 167 141 All Burma Congress, 133 see also Ahmad Boestamam All Burma Indian Congress, see Abdul Samad, 138 ABIC Abdul Zainuddin, 64 Allied forces, 66–67 ABIC (All Burma Indian Allied POWs, 84 Congress), 137–38 All India Radio, 106–07 Abid Hasan, 1, 3, 7, 31, 97–98, All India Trade Union Congress, 109, 204, 211 see AITUC absolute monarchy, 55–56 All Malaya Indian Political ACCC (Associated Chinese Conference, 150 Chamber of Commerce), All Malayan Hindustani 154 Conference, 150 Adams, Theodore, 226 AMCJA (All Malayan Council of AFPFL (Anti-Fascist People’s Joint Action), 147, 154 Freedom League), 121, AMCJA-Putera alliance, 141, 147, 128–31, 134–36 151, 154–55 Ahmad Boestamam, 138, 140, Andaman and Nicobar islands, 157 return of, 46, 72 API (Generation of Aware Angkatan Wanita Sedar (AWAS), Youth), and, 141–45 227 Aishah Ghani, 227 Anglo-American war efforts, 106 AITUC (All India Trade Union Anglo-Japanese relations, 68 Congress), 167, 169–70 Anglo-Mysore War, Fourth, 33 07 GentlemanWord.indd 245 2/13/12 9:15:16 AM 246 Index Anti-British League, 185 AWAS (Angkatan Wanita Sedar), anti-British sentiments, 11, 30 227 Anti-Compromise Conference, Axis Powers, 5, 8–9, 32, 46, 123 66–68, 131, 198 Anti-Fascist People’s Freedom Ayer, S.A., 105, 108 League, see AFPFL Azad Brigade, 46–47, 184 anti-India Radio, 106 Azad Guerilla Regiment, 27 anti-Japanese sentiments, 119, “Azad Hind Dal”, 75 121 Azad Hind Day, 151 Anuman Rachodhon, 59 Azad Hind Fauj [Free India Anushilan Samiti, revolutionary Army], 6, 18, 81, 110, 125 organization, 19, 35 Azad Hind [Free India] API (Angkatan Pemuda Insaf), 185 Broadcasting Station, 105 Ahmad Boestamam and, Azad Hind [Free India], 141–45 newspaper, 42, 105 Arya, Manawati, 213 Azad Hind Radio, 107, 113–14 Asaf Ali, 77 Azad, Maulana, 123 A. Samad Ismail, 142 Azad Muslim Radio, 114 Asian “superpower”, 56 Azad School, 49 Associated Chinese Chamber of Aziz Ahmad, 107 Commerce, see ACCC Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal, 96, 138 B Atma Sakti, daily, 108 BAA (Burma Area Army), 73, 74 Auchinleck, Claude, 78, 80 Bahadur Group, 47 August Revolution, 17 Baisakhi, festival, 11 Aung San, 51, 85, 118, 121, Bajaj, Darshan Singh, 58 129–36, 157 Balak Sena, youth wing, 102, Bogyoke, 124, 127–28 175, 216 Subhas Chandra Bose, and, Ba Maw, 50, 53–54, 70, 126 122–28 Subhas Chandra Bose, and, Aung San-Atlee Agreement, 118–22 134–35 Banerjee, Maya, 212 Aung San Suu Kyi, 131 Banglar Katha, daily, 108 Aurobindo, Sri, 4, 12, 19, 24, 35, Bangkok Conference, 58, 88, 100, 198 99–100 07 GentlemanWord.indd 246 2/13/12 9:15:16 AM Index 247 Barisan Sosialis, 184 Bo Min Yaung, 157 Battle of Beiping-Tianjin, 71 bonded labour, 60 Battle of Shanghai, 71 Bose, Acharya Jagadish Chandra, Batu Arang Collieries, 176 4 Bayly, Christopher, 124 Bose, Anita, 3, 32 BBC, 106 Bose, Krishna, 76, 78, 93 Bengal Pact, 22, 101 Bose, Prabhabati, 198 Bengal famine, 41–42 Bose, Rashbehari, 8, 9, 39, 44, Bengal Oil and Petrol Workers’ 58, 68, 99–100, 102, 110, Union, 167 172, 211 Bengal partition, 21 Bose, Sarat Chandra, 2, 32, Bengal Provincial Congress, 22 135–36, 199 Bengal Renaissance, 201 Bose, Subhas Chandra Bengal Volunteers, 23–24, 200, adulation, 26–27 211 Aung San, and, 122–28 Berita Malai, 142 Ba Maw, and, 118–22 “Berita Minggu”, 144 Burma, in, 2–3, 28, 30, 47–50, Bernard Free Library, 130 53–54, 116–38 “Bertram Mills circus”, 20 Cambridge, in, 4–5, 19, 23, 112 Bhonsle, J.K., 48, 213 death, 49, 59, 94, 135 Bhupalan, Rasammah, 28, 29, feminism, and, 199–204, 213, 216, 222–24, 227, 230 210–11, 228–30 BIA (Burma Independence Formosa, in, 93–94 Army), 51, 53, 120–21, image of, 18 126–27, 139 Indian community in Malaya, “Big Six” trade unionists, 184 political legacy for, 145–58 Birkenhead, Lord, 14 Japanese alliance, and, 66–76, “Black Hole” of Calcutta, 101, 159 108–09 see also Holwell Monument letters, 50, 228 BMA (British Military Malaya, political legacy in, Administration), 147, 178, 138–45 215 military, and, 19–20 Bogyoke, and Aung San, 124, “Netaji”, as, 6, 18, 78, 110, 127–28 124, 136 Bo Let Ya, 122 philosophy and beliefs, 10–12 07 GentlemanWord.indd 247 2/13/12 9:15:17 AM 248 Index political prisoner, 2 Burma Singapore, in, 8, 10, 44, 111 communism in, 117 Southeast Asia, in, 43–49, 65 Indian community in, 51–55, speeches, 12, 25, 29, 30, 34– 136–38 36, 44–45, 80–81, 111–12, Japanese invasion, 51–52, 133 143, 200, 205 minority groups, equal rights submarine journey, 1–2, 7, 43, for, 133–35 97, 204 Subhas Chandra Bose in, Thailand, in, 55–59 2–3, 28, 30, 47–50, 53–54, trade unions, and, 167–70 116–38 Turkey, in, 96 Burma Area Army, see BAA women, and, 197–99, 225 Burma Army, 128 Boycott of British Goods, book, Burma Independence Army, see 168 BIA Brahmo Samaj, 201 Burma-Siam railway, 147 British Army, 128 see also “Death Railway” British Asian Empire, 38 Burmese-Japanese alliance, 127 British imperialism, 10 Burmese nationalist movement, British Indian Army, 11, 17, 23, 50–51 30, 44, 65, 79, 81, 83, 102, Burmese Press, 120 107 British Malaya, 176 C British Medical Mission, 222 Calcutta, “Black Hole” of, 101, 159 British Military Administration, Calcutta Congress, 15, 20, 23–24 see BMA Calcutta Corporation, 167 British Occupation Force, 76 Calcutta Municipal Corporation, British propaganda, 99, 106–07 22, 224 British Raj, 2, 79, 82 Calcutta University Journal, 96 British Special Operations Cambridge, Subhas Chandra Executive, see SOE Bose in, 4–5, 19, 23, 112 Buddhism, 39, 50, 132–33 Carving the Path to the Summit, Buddhist-Muslim riots, 52 book, 144 Burhanuddin Al-Helmi, 140–41, caste system, 151 143–44 Castle Barracks, 80 07 GentlemanWord.indd 248 2/13/12 9:15:17 AM Index 249 Central Indian Association of communalism, 186 Malaya, see CIAM communal riots, 84 Ceylonese community, 104 communism, 117, 130–31, 146, censorship, 43, 86, 113–14 169, 175 “Chalo Delhi”, 109, 212 Communist Party of Burma, 117 Chandran, Bala A., 216 constitutional monarchy, 56 Charana Rekha Taba, book, 93 convict labour, 62 charkha, emblem, 13, 33 Corr, Gerard H., 11 “charter of liberty”, 70, 75 Council of Races, 154 Chatterjee, Suniti Kumar, 95–96 Cripps Mission, 41 Chaudhuri, Nirad C., 77 Chettyar D community, 98, 148 DAA (Dobama Asi-Ayon), moneylenders, 62 116–18, 123–26 “Chhattri Sangha”, 24 Dadachanji, 137 Chiang Kai Shek, 71–72 Dandi March, 15, 104 “China Incident”, 131 Das, Chittaranjan, 5, 12, 167 China Relief Fund, 173 Das, C. R., 13–14, 22, 108, Chinese Communist Party, 131 167–68, 199, 201 Chinese nationalism, 177 Das, Kalyani, 24 Choudhury, H.K., 179 Davar, Janaki, 206, 208–09, 213, Chulalongkorn University, 55, 216–22, 225, 230 58 Davar, Rengasamy, 218 Churchill, Winston, 9, 112 Death Curse, poem, 27–28, 36 CIAM (Central Indian “Death Railway”, 173 Association of Malaya), 63, de Cruz, Gerald, 114 148–49, 152, 155, 170–75, “Deepali Sangha”, 24 224–25 Defence of India Act, 32 Ciano, Count, 8, 33 “Defense of Burma”, 134 Civil Disobedience movement, Democratic Youth League, 151 12–13, 15–16, 34, 105, 109, Desai, Bhulabhai, 77 116–17, 201 Deshpande, S.V., 169 colonialism, 27, 39, 72, 130, 155 Devaser, K.L., 156 Comfort Women, 229 Devi, Basanti, 199, 201 07 GentlemanWord.indd 249 2/13/12 9:15:17 AM 250 Index Dhillon, Gurbaksh Singh, 48, 54, Freedom Bloc, 126–27 77, 120 Free India Army, see Azad Hind Dobama Asi-Ayon, see DAA Fauj Dominion Constitution for Free India Centre, 8, 108 India, 14 Free India, publication, 175 Dublin Estate strikes, 180–83 Free India Radio Station, 114 Dugal, R.S., 137 “free labour” system, 60 Dutch East Indies, 39, 68–69 French Indo-China, 39, 56, Dyer, Brigadier General, 11 68–69, 83, 140 FTUs (Federation of Trade E Unions), 151, 181–82 East India Company, 81 Fundamental Rights Resolution, 25 Emergency, the, 145–46, 151, 155, 181, 183, 188–89 G ESI (English speaking Gammons, L.D., 226 intelligentsia), 184 Ganapathy, S.A., 181–82, 190 Gandhi Brigade, 46–47, 95 F Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand, Fabian Society, 29 11–13, 34, 72, 96, 101, 104, Faiz, Faiz Ahmad, 84 109, 111, 116, 123, 130, fascism, 130–31 138, 201–02, 211 Federation of Malaya “sincere pacifist”, as, 20 Constitution, 155 “Gandhi of Malaya”, 140 Federation of Trade Unions, see Garewal, B.J.S., 95 FTUs General Labour Unions, see GLUs First World War, see World War I Generation of Aware Youth, see Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, 33 API Forbes, Geraldine, 24 Gent, Edward, 146 Formosa, Subhas Chandra Bose German Foreign Office, 6 in, 93–94 Ghadr Conspiracy, 57 Fort William, 19 Ghadr Party, 88 Forward Bloc, 17, 41, 68, 117, Ghosh, Aurobindo, 35 123, 126 see also Aurobindo, Sri Forward, daily, 108 Ghosh, Latika, 24 07 GentlemanWord.indd 250 2/13/12 9:15:17 AM Index 251 Gill, N.S., 99 Ibrahim Yaacob, 64–65, 138–39, GLUs (General Labour Unions), 143 155, 179, 181, 189 ICS (Indian Civil Service), 4, 6, Goho, S.C., 172 122, 125 Government of Burma Act, 124 Idris Hakim, 138 Government of India Act, 123 IGHQ (Imperial General Great Depression, 61, 177 Headquarters), 73 “Greater Asianism”, 40 IIL (Indian Independence Greater East Asia Conference, 30, League), 8, 40, 44–45, 46, 54, 70–71, 75, 118, 157 57–58, 65, 88, 100, 102–03, Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity 105–06, 108, 111, 134, 137, Sphere, 41, 69–70 142, 156, 166, 172–75, 179, “Greater Indonesia”, 65, 139 188, 204, 211, 213 see also “Indonesia Raya” imperialism, 68, 71, 75, 131, 143, 176, 188 H IMP (Independence of Malaya Habibur Rahman, 18, 31, 49, 94, Party), 156 101 INA Defense Committee, 77 Hachiro, Arita, 70 INA (Indian National Army), Harvard Estate Labour Union,