Journal of the Georgia Philological Association Vol. 9 (2019-20) GPA logo © Georgia Philological Association Original design by Stephen Carey The Journal of the Georgia Philological Association is published annually and contains selected expanded essays from proceedings from its annual conference held in the Spring as well as blind submissions. GPA membership is a prerequisite for final publication of all articles. To submit to the JGPA, email manuscripts, double-spaced and in MLA format as an attachment to: Farrah Senn, Editor-in-Chief Journal of the Georgia Philological Association [email protected] Complete submission instructions and more information can be found on the GPA web page at http://www.ega.edu/gpa. All views or conclusions are those of the authors of the articles and not necessarily those of the editorial staff or the Georgia Philological Association. Annual Memberships Faculty, Full and Part-time $25 Students Graduate $20 Undergraduate $15 Independent Scholars and Retired Faculty $20 Subscription Rates (order forms available on the website): Print Electronic Institutions and Libraries $60 $60 Individuals Members $20 Included in membership Non-members $30 $30 This journal is a member of the CELJ, the Council of Editors of Learned Journals. It is indexed in the MLA International Bibliography and EBSCOhost Research Databases. ii Journal of the Georgia Philological Association Editorial Staff: Editor-in-Chief Farrah R. Senn, Assistant Professor of English Andrew College [email protected] Co-Editor Dave Buehrer, Professor of English (retired) Valdosta State University [email protected] Founding Editor 2005-2009 Thom Brucie, Professor of English (Brewton-Parker College) South Georgia State College Editorial Board: Thom Brucie, Professor of English South Georgia State University Valerie Czerny, Associate Professor of English East Georgia State College Lorraine Dubuisson, Associate Professor of English Middle Georgia State University Marcus Johnson, Assistant Professor of Education Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Laura Hanna, Graduate Assistant Valdosta State University Published by the Georgia Philological Association 2020 Copyright © 2020 by the Georgia Philological Association All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review or scholarly journal. First Printing: 2006 Georgia Philological Association https://www.mga.edu/arts-letters/english/gpa/index.php Table of Contents Foreword ..................................................................................... vi Introduction ................................................................................. 8 “And he already knew Hebrew”: Language, Gender, and Middle-Class Respectability in A.D. Oguz’s Di Fraydenker ......................................................................... 10 Matthew Brittingham Emory University, PhD Candidate A Glimpse into the Symbolic Order: Trauma and Metafiction in Ian McEwan’s Novel Atonement ..... 32 Anca Garcia University of South Florida The Entwined Etymologies of Hellene, Pagan, and Gentile in the Late Roman Empire ............................ 48 Mark Johnson Independent Scholar Understand: Historical Philology, Philosophical Philology, and Heidegger ............................................. 66 Marcus Johnson Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College An Exploration of Pre-service Teachers’ Measures of Emotional Resilience and Flexibility/Openness toward English Learners: The Ethnographic Interview ............................................................................ 75 Anna M. Burnley, Ed.D. Flagler College–Tallahassee “Nought on the Exhausted Surface of a Dead Earth”: The Evils of Progress in Ouida’s Tower of Taddeo, Princess Napraxine, and Othmar ................................ 95 Lorraine Dubuission Middle Georgia State University The Clearing as a Site of Empowerment and an Identity Maker in Morrison’s Beloved ..................................... 117 Asma Dhouioui The University of Carthage, Tunisia v Foreword From the GPA President… I am writing this from home where I have been working since March 15, 2020. In the last many months, my life and the lives of everyone reading this edition of the journal have changed drastically. Many of us are working from home, and some of us have lost our jobs. Those working in industries deemed essential like healthcare, food services, and critical infrastructure are putting their lives on the line to keep the nation healthy and fed and safe. We are teaching our school- aged children at home and having Zoom parties with friends we can no longer safely visit in person. We are adapting to online teaching and reaching out to help our colleagues and our students for whom distance learning is a new frontier. Many of us are grieving. We have lost friends and family members, students and coworkers. COVID-19 has transformed all our lives in ways that often feel quite surreal. Because of COVID-19, the fifteenth annual conference of the Georgia Philological Association was cancelled. We were unable to gather to share scholarship, mentor our graduate and undergraduate student participants, and fellowship with friends old and new. The GPA conference is always the highlight of my academic year, and our inability to meet this past spring is a sharp disappointment for me. I am looking forward to the future when we can come together once again in the spirit of intellectual inquiry and camaraderie, but I am anxious as the future is so difficult to discern at this point. The members of the GPA are all scholars of the humanities—we are writers, readers, educators, and lifelong students—and so we look to literature and music and art for the inspiration we need to live meaningfully in what feels like an unprecedented time. In the poems we love and the songs we put on repeat, in the paintings we set as our computer desktops and in the novels we curl up with at night to escape the frustrations of the day, we find comfort and a sense of connectivity to the people who share this planet with us. One of my primary goals vi as a humanities professor is to introduce my students to worlds outside the narrow spheres they have inhabited. I want my students to experience the universal human condition as represented in literature and also the specific, individual, and subjective human condition each author I teach depicts. In the representations of the lives of people who lived long ago or far away from twenty-first century Georgia, my students are often surprised to find their own anger, joy, and terror mirrored. Now more than ever, I am finding the lessons the humanities hold more vital for my own strength in an uncertain world, and I endeavor to communicate that source of strength to my students as I’m sure we all do. I do not know if we will be able to physically share the same space in May 2121 when the sixteenth annual conference is scheduled to occur, but I do know that the GPA will be able to adapt to the changing circumstances. If we need to conduct the conference virtually, we have the tools to do that; if the conference needs to consist of several afternoon sessions of remote panels instead of a single day of panels presented back- to-back, we can do that, too. We will continue to publish high quality articles in the blind peer-reviewed JGPA as the volume you are reading now attests. COVID-19 may have blindsided the GPA for 2020, but we are prepared to meet the challenges that may await us going forward. Let me end with a few wishes for us all. May we cherish our friends and family and the increased time that some of us are lucky enough to be able to spend with our loved ones. May we find wonder in our environments (whether a sprawling, two- acre backyard or the eaves of an urban, studio apartment where birds nest). May we seek first to be kind and patient, and may we approach each day with a sense of gratitude for the blessings it contains, however small. I look forward to interacting with you all in 2021. Dr. Lorraine Dubuisson President Georgia Philological Association Introduction From the Editor … This edition is the brainwork of multiple individuals who endeavored through uncertain times to find time and energy to devote to the important questions that these very times also bring into sharp relief. Though we never create “boxes” that themed journal issues often manifest and our journal remains open to authors, subjects, and perspectives of all kinds, many of the articles contributed here center on the important relationship between language, culture, and identity. This happenstance is no doubt a reflection of our collective current circumstance. Matthew Brittingham’s piece “‘And he already knew Hebrew’” discusses language as a delineator of one’s culture as well as one’s class within that culture, delving into the complexities of defining culture in general and displaced and transitional cultures specifically. While Brittingham explores through the lenses of Yiddish and Judaism how different characters’ choices of relative fidelity to their religion influence both their internal and external identities, Asma Dhouioui likewise observes the importance of religious/spiritual activities and spaces on the agency and identity of enslaved black people in the novel Beloved, including the parallels to non-fictional realities of the nineteenth century. Similarly, Mark Johnson’s article “Entwined Etymologies”