~ PADMA MULTIPURPOSE BRIDGE PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Volume II ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized Table of contents INTRODUCTION I l.l Project background 1 1.2 Previous studies I 1.3 Project components 3 104 Environmental Impact Assessment 4 1.5 The EIA team 4 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 5 2.1 Development objective 5 2.2 Main bridge . 6 2.3 River training works 6 204 Approach roads and transition structures 6 2.5 Bridge-end-facilities 8 2.6 Construction yards 8 2.7 Utility crossings 8 2.8 Land acquisition and resettlement 8 2.9 Summary of size and magnitude of operation 9 2.10 Schedule of implementation 9 2.11 Materials used for construction 9 2.12 Project cost and financing 12 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 13 3.1 Applicable environmental legislation in Bangladesh 13 3.1.1 National Environmental Policy, 1992 13 3.1.2 National Environment Management Action Plan, 1995 13 3.1.3 Environment Conservation Act, 1995 13 3.104 Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 13 3.2 Other relevant legislation in Bangladesh 14 3.3 Relevant national policies 14 3.4. Environmental Impact assessment 16 304.1 Categories of projects 16 3.4.2 Present status 16 3.4.3 Environmental Clearance Certificate 16 3.5 International treaties 18 3.6 World Bank environmental policies 19 3.7 Asian Development Bank policies 19 3.8 Japan International Cooperation Agency policy 20 3.9 Islamic Development Bank 20 3.10 Harmonized safeguard policies 21 3.11 Compliance with Bangladesh legislation and harmonized safeguard policies 21 4 ANALYSES OF ALTERNATIVES 23 4.1 Without project scenario 23 4.2 With project scenarios 23 4.2.1 Comparison offour different sites of the bridge 23 4.2.2 Alternatives in bridge design 23 4.2.3 Alternative transition structures 23 4.204 Alternatives in design of River Training Works 24 5 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 25 5.1 The physical environment 25 5.1.1 Topography 25 5.1.2 Climate 25 11 5.1.3 Geomorphology and landscape 27 " 5.1.4 Soils 27 5.1.5 Land use 27 5.1.6 PadmaRiver 28 5.1.7 The Arial Khan 28 5.1.8 Other surface waters 29 5. }.9 Bank erosion 30 5.1.10 Floods 30 5.2 The natural environment 30 5.2.1 Ecosystems 30 5.2.2 Biodiversity 31 5.2.2.1 General 31 5.2.2.2 The river ecosystem 33 5.2.2.3 The charland ecosystem 36 5.2.2.4 The terrestrial ecosystems 38 5.2.2.5 The wetland ecosystems 40 5.3 Socio-economic conditions 41 5.3.1 General 41 5.3.2 Agriculture 42 5.3.3 Fisheries 42 5.3.4 Ferries 42 5.3.5 Health services 43 5.3.6 Access to education 43 5.3.7 Water supply and sanitation 43 5.3.8 Roads and communications 44 5.3.9 Access to energy 44 5.3.10 Physical and cultural resources 44 5.4 Quality of the environment 44 5.4.1 Air quality 44 5.4.2 Noise 45 5.4.3 Surface water quality 45 5.4.4 Groundwater quality 46 5.4.5 Riverbed sediment quality 47 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATIONS 49 6.1 Project area and Influence area. 49 6.2 Positive impacts 49 6.3 Environmental and social impacts 49 6.4 Impacts during pre-construction stage 49 6.4.1 Social impacts 49 6.4.2 Environmental impacts 51 6.5 Impacts during construction stage 53 6.5.1 Construction-related impacts 53 6.5.2 Dredging impacts 54 6.5.3 Piling impacts 58 6.5.4 Impacts of River Training Works 59 6.6 Impacts during operation and maintenance stage 61 6.6.1 Social impacts 61 6.6.2 Environmental impacts 61 7 CLIMATE CHANGE AND OTHER RELEVANT ISSUES FOR BRIDGE 63 DESIGN 7.1 Climate change 63 7.1.1 Future sea level rise 63 7.1.2 Temperature and wind force 63 7.1.3 Rainfall and hydrology 63 7.1.4 Impacts on bridge design 63 III 7.1.5 Greenhouse gas emissions 64 7.2 Erosion 64 7.2.1 Natural bank erosion 64 7.2.2 Possible impacts on charlands 64 8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 65 8.1 Objectives ofthe EMP 65 8.2 Measures in Design and Contract Documents 65 8.2.1 Environmental Code of Practices 65 8.2.2 Measures to be budgeted by contractors 65 8.3 Stand alone mitigation and compensation measures 72 8.3.1 Social Action Plan 72 8.3.2 Resettlement Action Plans 72 8.3.3 Income and Livelihood Restoration Plan 73 8.3.4 Gender Action Plan 73 8.3.5 Public Health Action Plan 73 8.3.6 Charland Monitoring and Management Framework 73 8.3.7 Emergency Response Plan 74 8.3.8 Preservation of topsoil 74 8.3.9 Dredging Material Management Plan 74 8.4 Proactive compensation measures to preserve and enhance riverine and 75 wetland areas 8.4.1 Tree replanting and reforestation plan 75 8.4.2 Protected char and river area 75 8.4.3 Charlands Visitor Centre at Mawa 77 8.4.4 Agricultural Development Plan 78 8.4.5 Community Environmental Management Plan 78 8.4.6 Environmental Enhancement Fund 79 8.5 Monitoring and Monitoring Plan 79 8.6 EMP budget summary 80 9 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS 81 9.1 Institutional structure of implementing SAP and EMP 81 9.2 Project Implementation Unit 80 9.3 Construction Supervision Consultant 82 9.4 Contractors 82 9.5 Safeguard Division 82 9.6 Implementation of EMP 82 9.7 Association with Twining Institutions 82 9.8 Supervision, and monitoring and evaluation 83 9.9 Establishment of Environmental Management System 83 9.10 Establishment of GIS and MIS 83 9.11 Budget for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity building 83 10 PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS AND DISCLOSURE 84 10.1 During project preparation and design 84 10.2 Focus group discussions 84 10.3 Public consultation meetings 85 10.4 Expert consultations 85 10.5 Disclosure 85 ANNEXA HARMONIZED FRAMEWORK OF CO-FINANCIERS' 86 ENVIRONMENTAL SAFEGUARD POLICIES ANNEXB LISTS OF SPECIES 89 IV 100 ANNEXC ENVIRONMENTAL CODE OF PRACTICES ANNEXO PROJECT ENTITLEMENT MATRIX List of tables Table 2.1 Major components and sub-components ofthe project 9 Table 2.2 List of materials ad their sources 12 Table 2.3 Project cost 12 Table 3.1 Other relevant legislation applicable 14 . Table 3.2 Relevant major policies 15 Table 3.3 Relevant international treaties, conventions and protocols signed by 18 Bangladesh Table 3.4 Compliance of project with GOB legislation and Co-financers safeguard 21 policies Table 5.1 Soil characteristics of typical soils 27 Table 5.2 Land use in the project area 28 Table 5.3 Fish ponds in the project area 30 Table 5.4 Biota of Bangladesh (between brackets: in the project area) 33 Table 5.5 Endangered fish species in the Padma River 35 Table 5.6 Main occupation of affected households 41 Table 5.7 Level of per capita income of affected households 41 Table 5.8 Estimated cropping patterns and yields in the project area 42 Table 5.9 Number of educational institutes, teachers and students in the project area 43 Table 5.10 Surface water quality in the project area, July 2009 45 Table 5.11 Surface water quality in the Padma River, November 2009 46 Table 5.12 Groundwater quality in the project area, November 2009 46 • Table 5.13 Groundwater quality monitoring in the project area, November 2009 47 Table 5.14 Quality of riverbed sediments, July 2009 47 Table 5.15 Quality of riverbed sediments, December 2009 48 Table 6.1 Summary of land acquisition for PMBP 50 Table 6.2 Summary of affected households and persons 50 Table 8.1 Overview of significant impacts, mitigation measures and monitoring 66 activities Table 8.2 Cost summary of Social Action Plan 73 Table 8.3 Cost of replanting of trees 75 Table 8.4 Establishment of a protected area 76 Table 8.5 Cost of Visitor Centre at Mawa 77 Table 8.6 Cost of monitoring 80 Table 8.7 Summary ofcosts of EMP and monitoring 80 Table 9.1 Proposed Budget for Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building 83 Table 10.1 Details of public consultation meetings during detailed design 84 List of figures v , Figure 2.1 Location of main project components 5 Figure 2.2 Cross-section of River Training Works on North bank (type 6) 7 Figure 2.3 Cross section of River Training Works on South bank (type 2) 7 Figure 2.4 Implementation schedule of the project 10 Figure 2.5 Schedule of implementation of River Training Works 11 Figure 3.1 Steps for obtaining environmental clearance of red category projects 17 Figure 5.1 Typical cross section through the area 25 Figure 5.2 Monthly rainfall in Dhaka 26 Figure 5.3 Monthly rainfall in Madaripur 26 Figure 5.4 Land use maps of the project area from 1999 to 2009 29 Figure 5.5 Biodiversity and monitoring sites in the Project area 32 Figure 5.6 Fish catch composition (%) of the Padma river (OoF, 2001) 34 Figure 9.1 Proposed institutional structure for implementing SAP and EMP 81 VI • ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AEC Atomic Energy Commission AP Affected Person BEF Bridge End Facilities BBA Bangladesh Bridge Authority BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BP Bank Policy BTD Bangladesh Taka BUET Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology BWTA Bangladesh Water Transport Authority CCL Cash Compensation under Law CEAP Construction Environme.ntal Action Plan CEMC Community Environmental Management Committee CEMP Community Environmental Management Plan CIMF Charland Impact Management Framework CMP Current Market Price COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CSC Construction Supervising Consultant DC Deputy Commissioner DO Dissolved Oxygen DOArch Department of Archaeology DOE Department of Environment DOF Department of Fisheries EA Environmental Assessment EAP Environmental Action Plan EC Electric Conductivity ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate ECP Environmental Code of Practices ECR Environmental Conservation Rules EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EISA Environmental Impact and Social Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System EP Entitled