The Neo4j Cypher Manual v4.3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . 2 1.1. What is Cypher? . 2 1.2. Neo4j databases and graphs . 3 1.3. Querying, updating and administering . 5 1.4. Transactions. 7 1.5. Cypher path matching . 8 2. Syntax . 13 2.1. Values and types . 15 2.2. Naming rules and recommendations . 17 2.3. Expressions . 19 2.4. Variables. 24 2.5. Reserved keywords . 24 2.6. Parameters. 27 2.7. Operators . 32 2.8. Comments . 49 2.9. Patterns . 49 2.10. Temporal (Date/Time) values. 54 2.11. Spatial values . 72 2.12. Lists. 79 2.13. Maps . 83 2.14. Working with null. 86 3. Clauses . 89 3.1. MATCH . 92 3.2. OPTIONAL MATCH. 105 3.3. RETURN. 107 3.4. WITH . 111 3.5. UNWIND . 113 3.6. WHERE . 117 3.7. ORDER BY. 130 3.8. SKIP. 134 3.9. LIMIT . 136 3.10. CREATE . 138 3.11. DELETE . 143 3.12. SET . 145 3.13. REMOVE . 152 3.14. FOREACH . 154 3.15. MERGE. 155 3.16. CALL {} (subquery) . 166 3.17. CALL procedure . 170 3.18. UNION . 175 3.19. USE. 176 3.20. LOAD CSV . 178 3.21. SHOW FUNCTIONS . 184 3.22. SHOW PROCEDURES. 189 4. Functions . 197 4.1. Predicate functions . ..