Atlante Fotografico Dei Frutti E Dei Semi Della Flora Del Piemonte E Della

Atlante Fotografico Dei Frutti E Dei Semi Della Flora Del Piemonte E Della

%ROO0XVUHJ6FLQDW7RULQR Vol. 29 - N. 1-2 SS 31-12-2012 Enza CECERE1, Adriano SOLDANO, Annalaura PISTARINO2, Consolata SINISCALCO1 Atlante fotografico dei frutti e dei semi della flora del Piemonte e della Valle d’Aosta: Oenothera L. (Onagraceae) $%675$&7 'LJLWDO $WODV RI IUXLWV DQG VHHGV RI WKH 3LHGPRQW DQG $RVWD 9DOOH\ ÀRUD 2HQRWKHUD L. (Onagraceae). 7KHQRQQDWLYHJHQXVOenothera/ZKLFKLVXVXDOO\SRRUO\NQRZQKDVEHHQVWXGLHGLQWKH 3URMHFW³'LJLWDO$WODVRIVHHGVDQGIUXLWVRIWKH3LHGPRQWDQG$RVWD9DOOH\ÀRUD´7KLVJHQXVLV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ SDUWLFXODU JHQHWLF DQG UHSURGXFWLYH IHDWXUHV DV WKH ³3HUPDQHQW 7UDQVORFDWLRQ +HWHUR]LJRVLW\´WKHSRVVLEOHSURGXFWLRQRIPLFURVSHFLHVDQGWKHSUHVHQFHRIK\EULGV,Q3LHGPRQW DQG$RVWD9DOOH\OenotheraLVUHSUHVHQWHGE\WKHVHFWLRQOenotheraZLWKVSHFLHV)RUDOORIWKHP ZHXSGDWHGWKHGDWDSXEOLVKHGLQWKH&KHFNOLVWRIWKH,WDOLDQ9DVFXODU)ORUD &RQWLet al. 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'DO SXQWR GL YLVWD WDVVRQRPLFR OD IDPLJOLD 2QDJUDFHDH SHU $QJLRVSHUP 3K\ORJHQ\*URXS DIIHULVFHDOO¶RUGLQH0\UWDOHVHFRPSUHQGHGXHVRWWR- IDPLJOLH -XVVLDHRLGHDHH2QDJURLGHDH HJHQHUL 6WHYHQVRQZDUGV al genere Oenothera3DSSDUWHQJRQRVSHFLH :DJQHUet al. ,Q(XURSD GRYHFRPHHYLGHQ]LDWRLQVHJXLWRFLVLDWWLHQHDGXQGLIIHUHQWHFRQFHWWRWDVVRQR- PLFRVRQRSUHVHQWLVSHFLH 5RVWDĔVNL 46ROGDQR KDFHQVLWRSHU O¶,WDOLDVSHFLHGHOODVRWWRVH]LRQHOenotheraGHVFULYHQGRQHRWWRFRPHQXRYH (Oenothera adriatica O. fallacoides O. italica O. marinellae O. pedemontana O. pellegrinii O. sesitensis O. stucchii ,Q&RQWLet al. VRQRHOHQFDWHSHU O¶,WDOLDVSHFLHPHQWUHLQ&HOHVWL*UDSRZet al. QHULVXOWDQR /DGLIIXVLRQHGHOOHVSHFLHGLOenotheraqIRUWHPHQWHGLSHQGHQWHGDOOHDWWLYLWj XPDQHSLXWWRVWRFKHGDDJHQWLQDWXUDOL )UHDQet al. HVVHVRQRUXGHUDOL DGDWWHDFUHVFHUHLQDPELHQWLGLVWXUEDWLDEEDQGRQDWLSLRPHQRUHFHQWHPHQWH GDOO¶XRPRRFKHKDQQRVXELWRDOWHUD]LRQLGLWLSRDQWURSLFRLQKDELWDWDSHUWLH EHQVROHJJLDWLVXVXROLVDEELRVLRJKLDLRVL PDUJLQLGLVWUDGDHGLFRUVLG¶DFTXD GHSRVLWLGLPDWHULDOHYDULRHFF SHUORSLLQSLDQXUDHEDVVDFROOLQDVROLWDPHQWH QRQROWUHJOLPVOPGLTXRWD 3 Il genere è attualmente suddiviso in 18 sezioni (Wagner et al., 2007)GLFXLVRQRSUHVHQWLLQ(XURSD sect. Lavauxia (Spach) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, sect. Hartmannia (Spach) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, sect. Leucocoryne W.L. Wagner & Hoch, sect. Megapterium (Spach) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, sect. Kneiffia (Spach) Straley, sect. Gaura (L.) W.L. Wagner & Hoch, sect. Kleinia Munz, sect. Oenothera L. VXGGLYLVDLQsubsect. Oenothera, subsect. Raimannia [Rose ex Britton & A. Br.] W. Dietr. e subsect. Munzia W. Dietr.). ,Q,WDOLDFRPHLQ(XURSDSUHGRPLQDODVH]LRQHOenothera FRQOHWUHVRWWRVH]LRQL HLQ3LHPRQWHLQSDUWLFRODUHHVVDqO¶XQLFDSUHVHQWHFRQOHWUHVRWWRVH]LRQL 4 RostaĔski (2006) ne elenca 99, ma 14 di esse sono presenti soltanto in coltivazione Il genere OenotheraqLQJUDQSDUWHGLRULJLQH1RUGDPHULFDQDPDQRQWXWWH OHVH]LRQLFRQOHORURVRWWRVH]LRQLVRQRHVFOXVLYDPHQWH1RUGDPHULFDQHLQ- IDWWLODVRWWRVH]LRQHMunziaqQDWLYDGHO6XG$PHULFD1HOO¶DPELWRGHOJHQHUHH SDUWLFRODUPHQWHQHOODVRWWRVH]LRQHOenothera GHOODVH]LRQH OenotheraYLVRQR VSHFLHQDWLYHGHOO¶(XURSDHDOWUHFKHVRQRVWDWHLQWURGRWWHLQWHQ]LRQDOPHQWHR DFFLGHQWDOPHQWHQHOQRVWURFRQWLQHQWHHTXLVRQRULXVFLWHDVWDELOLUVL'DTXH- VWHHQWLWjSHUWUDVORFD]LRQHFURPRVRPLFDRFFDVLRQDOHRSHULEULGD]LRQHVHQH VRQRRULJLQDWHGLQXRYHFKHVRQRGLYHQXWHVWDELOLHLQGLSHQGHQWL4XHVWHQXRYH XQLWjVLVWHPDWLFKHVRQRVWDWHGHVFULWWHFRPHVSHFLHGLVWLQWHLQULIHULPHQWRDGXQ FRQFHWWRGLVSHFLHVXEDVHSUHYDOHQWHPHQWHPRUIRORJLFD*OLVWXGLRVLDPHULFDQL PHWWRQRLQGXEELRODYDOLGLWjGLJUDQSDUWHGLWDOLHQWLWjHDGRJJLPDQFDQRDQDOLVL JHQHWLFKHSHUHYLGHQ]LDUHGLIIHUHQ]HRVRPLJOLDQ]HWUDOHXQLWjVLVWHPDWLFKHGH- VFULWWHLQ(XURSDHTXHOOHSUHVHQWLQHO1XRYR&RQWLQHQWH1HOODIDVHDWWXDOHQRQ qDQFRUDVWDWRDFFHUWDWRFRQVLFXUH]]DTXDOLVLDQROHVSHFLHFKHSHULEULGD]LRQH QH KDQQR RULJLQDWH DOWUH Qp VH DOFXQH HQWLWj VLDQR GL FHUWD RULJLQH DPHULFDQD RSSXUHHXURSHDÊVLFXURFKHSHUDOFXQHO¶(XURSDqVRORXQFHQWURVHFRQGDULR GLHYROX]LRQH HV2JOD]LRYLDQD PHQWUHSHUDOWUHqLOFHQWURGLRULJLQH HVO. biennis TXHVW¶XOWLPDKDODSHFXOLDULWjGLDYHUHLQPHWDIDVH,XQDQHOORGDHXQR GDFURPRVRPLHOHPHQWRFKHQRQKDFRUULVSRQGHQ]DQHOOHSLDQWHDPHULFDQH &OHODQG 'LFRQVHJXHQ]DSXUHVVHQGRVWDWDSHUDQQLLQGLFDWDFRPHSLDQWD DPHULFDQDqGDFRQVLGHUDUHRULJLQDULDGHOO¶(XURSDRGHOO¶$VLDHGqGDHVFOXGHUH FKHVLDVWDWDLQWURGRWWDGDOFRQWLQHQWHDPHULFDQRSHUWDQWROHGXHHQWLWjLQGLFDWH FRPHO. biennisQHOYHFFKLRHQHOQXRYRFRQWLQHQWHVRQRGDFRQVLGHUDUHGLVWLQWH /DSUHVHQ]DGLDQHOOLGLFURPRVRPLqOHJDWDDOOD³3HUPDQHQW7UDQVORFDWLRQ +HWHUR]LJRVLW\´ 37+ XQIHQRPHQRFRQRVFLXWRVROWDQWRSHUDOFXQHVSHFLHGL IDPLJOLHGL$QJLRVSHUPH,FURPRVRPL Q VRQRPHWDFHQWULFLHLQPHLRVL DOFXQLOHJDQGRVLPHGLDQWHOHHVWUHPLWjGHLEUDFFLDVVXPRQRXQDFRQIRUPD]LR- QHDGDQHOORFKHYDULDSHUQXPHURHJUDQGH]]DDVHFRQGDGHOOHVSHFLH HVLQ 2JOD]LRYLDQDGXUDQWHODPHWDIDVH,VLIRUPDXQDQHOORGLFURPRVRPLHXQ ELYDOHQWH . /HVSHFLHFKHSUHVHQWDQR37+VLFRPSRUWDQRFRPHRUJDQLVPLFORQDOLIRU- PDQGRSRSROD]LRQLFRQLQGLYLGXLDYHQWLJHQRWLSLLGHQWLFLLQHVVHLQROWUHLOIHQR- PHQRGHOOHWUDVORFD]LRQLqDVVRFLDWRDGXQVLVWHPDGL³JHQLOHWDOLELODQFLDWL´FKH FRQWUROODJHQHWLFDPHQWHFKHQRQDYYHQJDODIRUPD]LRQHGLRPR]LJRWL LJLRYDQL HPEULRQLFRQFRPSOHVVRRPR]LJRWLFRDERUWLVFRQRRSSXUHROWUHLOGHOSROOLQH QRQqIHUWLOH FRVuFKHLOSDWULPRQLRJHQHWLFRVLPDQWLHQHLQFRQGL]LRQHHWHUR]LJR- WHGLJHQHUD]LRQHLQJHQHUD]LRQH 6HLQYHFHDYYLHQHDQFKHVRORXQDWUDVORFD]LRQHGLWLSRGLYHUVRVLUHDOL]]DXQD QXRYDFRPELQD]LRQHJHQHWLFDFKHVHULPDUUjFRVWDQWHQHOWHPSRSRWUjIRUPDUH XQDQXRYDPLFURVSHFLH,QROWUHQHOFRUVRGHOODPHLRVLLQDQDIDVH,SXzDYYHQLUH XQDGLVJLXQ]LRQHLUUHJRODUHGHLFURPRVRPLVXJOLDQHOOLDIRUPDUHGHOOHWULVRPLH 5 Nella maggior parte dei casi si forma un unico anello di 14 cromosomi e, considerando anche il suddetto caso di O. biennis, non sono note altre conformazioni stabili, nel senso che se pure si manifestano non durano più di una generazione HLOFRUUHGRFURPRVRPLFRSXzULVXOWDUHTXLQGLGLQ &OHODQG PDOH HQWLWjLQWHUHVVDWHVRQRVWHULOL 0LKXOND 3\ãHN KDQQRGLPRVWUDWRFKHLQ(XURSDLOSRWHQ]LDOHLQ- YDVLYR GHL GXH JUXSSL GL VSHFLH TXHOOR GL RULJLQH 1RUGDPHULFDQD H TXHOOR GL RULJLQH6XGDPHULFDQDqGLIIHUHQWHQHOOHGLYHUVHUHJLRQLSHUFKpLQÀXHQ]DWRGDO- OHFRQGL]LRQLFOLPDWLFKHGHOOH]RQHFRORQL]]DWHLQSDUWLFRODUHGDWHPSHUDWXUDH SUHFLSLWD]LRQL,OJUXSSRGHOOHHQWLWjRULJLQDULHGHOO¶$PHULFDGHO6XGFRPHO. rosea VXEVHFWMunzia qUDSSUHVHQWDWRGDVSHFLHSHUHQQLHDQQXDOLFKHSUHIHUL- VFRQRXQFOLPDRFHDQLFR 3RUWRJDOOR5HJQR8QLWR PHQWUHLOJUXSSRGLTXHOOH RULJLQDULHGHO1RUG$PHULFDVLFRPSRQHGLUDSSUHVHQWDQWLDFLFORGLYLWDELHQQDOH VXEVHFWOenothera PHJOLRDGDWWDWHDOOHFRQGL]LRQLFRQWLQHQWDOLFRQWHPSHUD- WXUDPHGLDPHQVLOHLQIHULRUHHSUHFLSLWD]LRQLVWDJLRQDOL,QROWUHYLqXQJUXSSRGL VSHFLHWUDFXLO. 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