JUNE 1978 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICEOF NOISEABATEMENTANOCONTROL WashinglonO.C., 20460 SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EXHAUST SYSTEM NOISE SYMPOSIUM OCTOBER 11, 12, 13, 1977 Howard Johnson's - O'Hare Chicago, Illinois Table of Contents A_IrlOUrlCEIIEtlTOF SURFACE TRArISPORTATICIrlEXIIAUSTSYSTEM NOISE SYFIPOSIUIi iv AGFIIDA vl IFITRODUCTORYADDRESSFOR TileSURFACETRA_ISPORTATION EXIIAUSTSYSTEMROISESYIIPOSIUI.I z _ZT"I"B_A William E. Roper U, S, EnvironmentalProtectionAgency PREUIBEtICIICTESTTIOI_PROCEDURESAND EXIIAUSTSYSTEI,IPERFORHAI_C[ 5 P.O.A.L, Davies University of Southampton Southampton, England t- AUTOMOTIVEEXIIAUSTSYSTEIIEVALUATION 4g D. A. DIaser Fluid Uynamics Research Department General Notors Research Laboratories Warren, Michigan TIIEtIETHODOF MEASURIflGEXIIAUSTSYSTE/IIOISE "Ig___-"'_ _ A STUDYlllneichiOriTHEInagaREDUCTIOIIwa OF THE EXIIAUSTI(OISEOF LARGETRUCKS JlL<_3_ f_. ComponentTestingSection,TestingDept, t,litsubishiMotorComnany KawasakiCity,Nanaqawa,Japan MFTIIDDPeterANDChengAPPARATUSFORHEASURINGMUFFLERPERFOP.HARCE lOg _ StemooI1anufacturingCo. Longview, Texas OPTIMUMDESIGNOF I.IUFFLERS i15 _ Dr. Donald Baxa University of Vlisconsin, Extension Dept, Madison,Vflsconsin BENCHTEST ARU ANALOGSIMULATIONTECHNIQUESFOR EflGIFIE HUFFLEREVALUATIOH z43 __--_,P} CecilR, Sparks AppliedPhysicsDivision SouthwestResearchInstitute San Antonio,Texas CO_I_IE(.|TSOM EVALUATIONTECrNIIQUESOF EXIIAUSTSYSTEM _?.'/_ m_ IIOISECOflTR(ILCHARACTERISTICS 161 "7'-- D. W, Rm_ley DonaldsonCo. t.linneapo]is, r.linn. A BENCIITEST FOR _PID EVALUATIONOF r4UFPLERPERFORMArlCE ZBI _ A. F. Seybert Dept.of r.lachanicalEngineering University of Kentucky Lexington,Kentucky ANALYTICALAND EXPERIMENTALTESTINGPROCEDURESFOR QUIETING TWO-STROKEENGIflES 203 _,, Donald L. NargeIis Dept. of t_echanica] Engineering University of California Davis, California POWER OR PRESSURE - A DISCUSSIOU OF CURRENT ALTERNATIVES Irl EXHAUSTSYSTEIIACOUSTICEVALUATIOR 233 _L. Larry J. Eriksson No]sonIndustries,Inc, '= Stoughton,Lqisconsin A COI4PUTER-AIDEU APPROACH TOWARD PERPOR_MCE PREDICTIOflS FOR EI_GIHEEXHAUSTI.IUFFLER 26? A[_At John E. Snockenberger West Virginia University College of Engineering r4nrgantovln,IV.Virginia REVIEWOF INTERNALCOIIBUSTIOrlErIGINEEXIIAUSTHUFFLING 295 _N Ilalcol_1J. Crocker Ray W. HerrickLaboratories PurdueUniversity _lestLafayette,Indiana SHOCK-TUBE rlETIIODSFOR SIrIULATIHG EXJrAUST PRESSURE PULSES OF SI_ALLIIIGH-PERFOR_rANCEEtlGIflES 359 _ B. Sturtevant CaliforniaInstituteof Technology Pasadena,California CORRELATIONOR rIOTBETUEEIIBEIICII'TESTSANI]OUTSIDE r.rEASUREf.IENTSFOR SrlO_}IOBILES 381 _Q Jean Nichols Uomba rdier Research Center Valcourt,Quebec Canada ii IIEASUREIIEOFrlTEr1GIrEXlIAUSTlE r'IOISEIN DYrlA{IOrIETERROOIIS 397 _-_Z'"TdRCP__'_'v"''__ Jamesl.I.Hoore John Ueere Horicon {.forks lloricon,lqlsconsln TIIEAPPLICATIONOF THE FIUITEELEIIEr1TrIETHODTO STUDYIIIG zE,oTIIEPERFORIIAIICEMEAFLO', OF REACTIVE & DISSIPATIVE MUFFLERS _'IITll A. Craggs "f'j Dept.of ilechallicalEngineering Universityof Alberta,Edmonton Alberta, Canada A COrIPARISOOFrlSTATICVS. GYrlA:IICTESTIrlGPROCEOURES _'j FORI.IUFFLEREVALUATIOII 417 V;.L. Ronci _Valkerrlanufacturing Grass Lake, Michigan DISCUSSLOI|OF PROPOSEDSAE RECOHIIEIIDEDPRACTICEXJ]207, I.IEASUREHE_JTPROCEDUREFOR DETERFIIMATIOOFrlSILEOCER EFFECTIVENESSIrlREDUCINGEIJGINEINTAKEOR EXHAUST _ _J SOURDLEVEL 435 ¥ LarryJ. Eriksson rlelsonhldustries,Inc. Stoughton,Wisconsin A TDEORETICALEXAIIIrIATIOIIOF TIIERELEVAIITPARAMETERSFOR DYIJAIProf.IOessorHETERTESTI_IGG. P. BlairOF TIIE2-CYCLEE_IGI_IEMUFFLERS 449 _ _/ DepartmEntof _lechanicaland IndustrialEngineering The Queen'sUniversityof Bolfast PAIIELDISCUSSIOtl 497 LISTOF ATTE_IDEES 547 iii _¢9St* 1 PROTECTION AGENCY _J UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL _(_ WASHINGTON. O,C. 204B0 August 16, 1977 SURFACE TRANSPORTATION EXHAUST SYSTEM NOISE SYMI_IUM Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Conducted by the Environ_ntal Protection Agency and McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Company at Howard Johnson's - O'Hare, Chicago, Illinois on October ii, 12, 13, 1977 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Noise Abatement and Control (EPA/ONAC)has initiated studies pursuant to requirements established under Section 8 of the Noise Control Act of 1972 which may lead to Federal requirements for the labeling of surface transportation vehicles and mufflers with respect to noise. One study is designed to assess the methodologies available to measure and communicate the noise reduction characteristics of surface transpor- tation vehicle exhaust systemIs. The information co_|_unicatedmay be actual sound levels or information relative to sound levels (i.e., veri- fication that a vehicle with a particular aftermarket muffler installed will meet an applicable standard), or other information such as warranty claims, proper maintenance and operator instructions, etc. The informa- tion would be used by dealers, repair facilities, enforcement personnel and the general public. The other study is to explore'avenues available to commun}cate to con- sumers the noise characteristics of surface transportation vehicles (e.g. total vehicle noise, interior noise, etc.). This second study, however, is not the subject of this sy_siu_. In support of the exhaust system program the EPA desires information on possible testing procedures which could be used in a Federal muffler labeling requirement. EPA needs to know whether standardized procedures exist or can be developed that can be used to characterize meffler per- formance without having to test exhaust systems installed on the vehicles for which _hey are intended. To gain the necessary information, EPA is sponsoring a three day sy_osiu_ scheduled for October ii, 12, 13, 1977 in Chicago, Illinois. Inputs from industry, research organizations and other interested parties are solicited to provide information to the government on appropriate procedures. iv Papers submitted for presentation should be directed primarily to bench test procedures and their relationship to total vehicle sound level methodologies for use in a Federal regulatory requirement. The methods discussed may include the following: o System testing using a standard sound source, o analytical simulation techniques, and e combination of testing and analytical methods. Information that must be developed on vehicle or vehicle engine sound characteristics (other than total vehicle noise) to make _ffler labeling useful should also be addressed. While the primacy purpose of the sy_sium is to assess "bench test methodologies" and their use in a Federal regulatory requirement, it may be necessary to address other testing methodologies, in the event that a suitable bench test methodology does not appear to be available. In this light a limite4 number of papers will be accepted on stationary (near field) and dynamometer test methods, results and their relationship to moving vehicle noise test methods. six sessions of in-4epth papers are planned to cover all aspects of exhaust system bench testing. Three plenacy sessions will be held emphasizing the application of various exhaust system bench test methods. More information may be obtained from: EnvironmentalProtection A@ency McDonnell-DouglasAstronautics Co. JohnThomas E.T. Oddo Office of Noise Abatement McDonnell-DouglasAstronautics Co. and Control (AW-471) 5301 Bolsa Avenue Environmental Protection Agency Huntington Beach, CA 92467 Washington, D.C. 20460 Tel: (714) 896-4412 Tel: (703) 557-7666 Abstract of papers should be submitted to E. T. Oddo, _DAC no later than September 19, 1977. Room accommodations can be arranged at: Howard Johnson's - O'Hare 10249 West Irving Park Road Schiller Park Chicago, Illinois 60176 Tel: [312) 671-6000 v 2 4_,I_Ds,,% ,,,_,_._,_ UNITED STATES EWANVIRONMSHINGTEONN.TAiDL.C. PR20460OTECTION AGENCY AGENDA TUESDAY II DCTOBFR B:30 -9:30 am Registration 9:30 Opening Address EPA, _Jashlngton,D.C. SOUND GENERATIOtlBY AllIRTERNAL CeIBUSTIDR ENGINE EXflAUST A, J. Dramaer, ffatlonalResearch Counc11 of Canada, Ottawa, Canada (Paper net avaIIab]e) TEST PROCEDURES AND EXIIAUSTSYSTErlPERFORtIANCEPI_EDICTIDr_S P,D.A.L. Davies I,S.V.R.,University of Southampton, Southampton, England _:80 pm AUTOfIOTIVEEXhaUST SILErlCEREVALUATIOll Dwight Blaser, General riotersTechnical Center, Narren, _llch. TIIE{IETHODOF IIEASUREHE_TFQR EXIIAUSTSYSTEIIII_ISE l.llneleh_Inagawa, IlitsubishlrletorCo,, Nanagawa, Japan r-IETI{AOrID DAPPARATUS FOR NEASUNIrlONUFFLER PERFORHANCE Peter Cheng, Stemco rlfg.Co,, Longvie_, Texas CONPUT_R PROCEDURE FOR ASSESSING IIUFFLERPCRFORI_NCE Donald E. Baxa, Un_vorsity of Wisconsin, Nadison, _llsc. WEDNESDAY 12 OCTOBER U.'3D- 9:30 am Registration BENCH TESTS AN(}A{_ALOGSINULATIOrJTECIIfflQUESFOR ;IUFFLER EVALUATIOrl Cecl] Sparks, South_:estResearch Inst., San Antonio, Texas COJ'.IrENTSOilEVALUATION TECJlNIQUESOF EXIIAUSTSYSTEI,rIJOISE CONTROL CIIARACTERISTICS D. _1,Rolv1ey,Donaldson Co., rrlnneapolls,Hinn. v_ 3 BENCHTEST FOR RAPIDEVALUATIONOF HUFFLERPERFORrIANCE Andrew S, Seybert, University of Kentucky, Kentucky ANALYSTICALArIUEXPERIMENTALTESTINGPROCEDURESFOR QUIETING TWO-STROKE ENGIIIES U. [largolis,Universityof Calif,at Davis,Davis,Calif. 2:00 pm POIIEROR PRESSURE- A DISCUSSIOUOF CURRENTALTERrIATIVESIN EXHAUST SYSTEM ACOUSTIC EVALUATION LarryJ. Eriksson,rlelsonI,dustries,Inc.,Staughton,Wisc. A COIIPUTER-AIDEUAPPROACllTOWARDPERFORHANCEPREDICTIONSFOR ENGINEEXIIAUST[.iUFFLER John E. Sneckenberoer,West VirginiaUniversity,[Iorgantown,VA REVIEWOF INTERRALcor.IIIUSTIONEuGIrIEEXIIAUSTrIUFFLIrlG [lalcolmJ. Crocker,llerrickLaboratories,PurdueUniversity,