THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TRILATERAL COOPERATION ARRANGEMENT BETWEEN INDONESIA, MALAYSIA, AND THE PHILIPPINES: INCREASING OF MARITIME SECURITY COOPERATION TO REDUCE MARITIME PIRACY AT SULU SEA (2016-2017) By Sri Ariani 016201400192 A thesis presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of Bachelor Degree in International Relations Major in Strategic and Defense Studies 2018 THESIS ADVISER RECOMMENDATION LETTER This thesis entitled “The implementation of Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines: Increasing of Maritime Security Cooperation to Reduce Maritime Piracy at Sulu Sea (2016-2017)” prepared and submitted by Sri Ariani in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor in the Faculty of Humanities, has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a thesis fit to be examined. I therefore recommend this thesis for Oral Defense. Cikarang, Indonesia, 15 May 2018 Recommended and Acknowledge by, Prof. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Ph. D Thesis Adviser I Gusti Bagus Dharma Agastia, MSc. Thesis Adviser II DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY I declare that this thesis, entitled “The implementation of Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines: Increasing of Maritime Security Cooperation to Reduce Maritime Piracy at Sulu Sea (2016-2017)” is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, an original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole of in part, to another university to obtain a degree. Cikarang, 15 May 2018 Sri Ariani III PANEL OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL SHEET The Panel of Examiners declare that the thesis “The implementation of Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines: Increasing of Maritime Security Cooperation to Reduce Maritime Piracy at Sulu Sea (2016-2017)” that was submitted by Sri Ariani majoring in International Relations from the Faculty of Humanities was assessed and approved to have passed the Oral Examinations on 18 May 2018. Prof. Anak Agung Banyu Perwita, Ph.D Chair – Panel of Examiners I Gusti Bagus Dharma Agastia, MSc. Thesis Adviser Anggara Raharyo, S.IP., M.PS. Examiner IV ABSTRACT Sri Ariani, International Relations 2014, President University Thesis Title: “The implementation of Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines: Increasing of Maritime Security Cooperation to Reduce Maritime Piracy at Sulu Sea (2016-2017)” Nowadays Sulu Sea is becoming the core of geopolitics issues between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. The three countries are looking at Sulu Sea as the strategic environment which has the substance of their national security interest, but the maritime security condition at Sulu Sea has no longer stable after the existence of Abu Sayyaf Group. In this thesis will explain about the agreement of maritime security cooperation which is called as the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement in preserving Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines national security interests at Sulu Sea. The agreement has been initiated by the minister of foreign affairs of those three countries in order to their common concern about the threat that has been conducted by the Abu Sayyaf Group. Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines as the three countries who agreed in the Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement at Sulu Sea recognize the threat in the maritime areas is maritime piracy such as ship hijacking and kidnapping for ransom that could threatened their national security interest as well as their sovereignty at sea. Therefore in order to overcome the maritime piracy at Sulu Sea, the three countries implement the initiatives that have been agreed. Keywords: Sulu Sea, Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Abu Sayyaf Group, maritime piracy V ABSTRAK Sri Ariani, International Relations 2014, President University Thesis Title: “The implementation of Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement between Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines: Increasing of Maritime Security Cooperation to Reduce Maritime Piracy at Sulu Sea (2016-2017)” Saat ini Laut Sulu menjadi pusat permasalahan geopolitik antara Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina. Ketiga negara tersebut memandang Laut Sulu sebagai lingkungan strategis yang memiliki kepentingan substansial pada keamanan nasional mereka, tetapi kondisi keamanan maritim di Laut Sulu tidak lagi stabil setelah keberadaan Abu Sayyaf Group. Di dalam skipsi ini akan menjelaskan tentang kesepakatan kerjasama keamanan maritim yang disebut sebagai Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement dalam mempertahankan kepentingan keamanan nasional Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filipina di Laut Sulu. Kesepakatan telah diprakarsai oleh Menteri Luar Negeri ketiga negara tersebut untuk kepedulian bersama mereka tentang ancaman yang telah dilakukan oleh Abu Sayyaf Group. Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Filipina sebagai tiga negara yang setuju dalam Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement di Laut Sulu menyadari bahwa ancaman di wilayah maritim adalah pembajakan maritim seperti pembajakan kapal dan penculikan untuk mendapatkan uang tebusan yang dapat mengancam kepentingan keamanan nasional serta kedaulatan mereka di laut. Karena itu untuk mengatasi pembajakan maritim di Laut Sulu, ketiga negara melaksanakan inisiatif yang telah disepakati. Kata kunci: Laut Sulu, Trilateral Cooperation Arrangement, Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Abu Sayyaf Group, pembajakan maritim VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After 3.5 years of college, finally I have reached this stage. This is where the struggle begins, where I have to fight for my own future. Sometimes I wonder and realize that time is passing by, I just entered college and now I almost finish it. Indeed, there are a lot of valuable experiences and lessons that I learned which certainly increased my maturity in thinking, acting, and behaving. I have met many people who brighten up my university life; they inspired me, taught me the values of friendship, and certainly made it very difficult to say good-bye. First of all I would like to express my gratitude to Allah SWT for his infinite blessings so I could complete this undergraduate study. Allah has given me a family who loves me unconditionally and cares for me sincerely. So, my deepest appreciation for my father Nusyirwan, mother Yulismawarti, my sisters Dian Eka Putri and Melisa Aurora. You are the most precious treasure, which cannot be replaced by anything in this world. I would also say thank you for all the big families for all the supports and believe on me. My sincere gratitude to the best lecturer I have ever met, Prof. Banyu Perwita who has been guiding me for almost 3 years. Your patience and dedication in guiding the students will never be forgotten. May God always give you health and blessings of all your good deeds to us. My sincere thanks also goes to Mr. Dharma Agastia who has guided me in composing this thesis. I hope success will always follow your career and everything you do in life. My sincere gratitude to the best chief of sub-directorate that I have ever met during internship, Colonel Oktaheroe Ramsi, who has shared his experience and helped me to finish my thesis. Then my big thanks for all the staffs in Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia especially in Directorate General of Defense Strategy that I cannot mention one by one who has gave me a lot of knowledge and best experiences. My university life was wonderful because of my real best friends since the first year until we finally graduate together (Amen). You guys have proved me VII that time reveals your true friends, who always be there for the happiest day to the saddest day of my university life. So, my warmest hugs for my friends who always support and encourage me, Tania and Widya Dwi Rachmawati. My roommates during university life before the real life hit me so hard, Syifa Afiah and Nuraini Ulandari. Then for my friends Fahri Surya Altakwa, Darysa Zolla Elpanda, Kalvin, Intan Apriani, Genoveva Elena Chairul, Silvia Chayadi, Nisa Nabila, and Akila Paravathi thank you to fulfill my story in this university. Then also for my Minangnese family that I found in here, Fadhlan Imam Vidani, Okie Fiandri, Ventika Aurora Pratiwi, Mulyani Fitri, and Ginsi Trianesti thank you for everything. And also for my defense squad, thank you for being my classmate for several semesters, Cici, Oki, Mita, Jojo, Elji, Nada, Aulia, and Agung let’s have another trip! Then for the IR Badminton and Volley Family, it is such a pleasure for me to practice and playing together with you guys. Finally, I would like to thank everybody who has become an important part of my life journey. I always pray for your success, health, and happiness. Do not forget to keep in touch! Cikarang, May 2018 Sri Ariani VIII TABLE OF CONTENTS RECOMMENDATION LETTER ...................................................................................... II DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY .............................................................................. III PANEL OF EXAMINERS APPROVAL SHEET ............................................................. IV ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ V ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................................... VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................ VII TABLE OF