BRITISH COLUMBIA “Anycountryworthyofafutureshouldbe HISTORICAL NEWS interestedinitspast.”W.KayeLamb,1937 JournaloftheBritishColumbiaHistoricalFederation|Volume37No.1Winter2003|ISSN1195-8294|$5.00 InthisIssue:SeaOtters|Kamloops|LordMinto|PittLakeGlacier AnIndex|HughWatt|Tokens|BookReviews BritishColumbiaHistoricalNews BritishColumbiaHistoricalFederation JournaloftheBritishColumbiaHistoricalFederation PublishedWinter,Spring,Summer,andFall. POBox5254,StationB.,VictoriaBCV8R6N4 UndertheDistinguishedPatronageofHerHonour Editor: TheHonourableIonaCampagnolo.PC,CM,OBC JohnAtkin Lieutenant-GovernorofBritishColumbia 921PrincessAvenue, VancouverBCV6A3E8 HonouraryPresident 604.254.1429 MelvaDwyer [email protected] Officers BookReviewEditor: President AnneYandle JacquelineGresko 3450West20thAvenue 5931SandpiperCourt,Richmond,BC,V7E3P8ÊÊÊÊ VancouverBC,V6S1E4 [email protected] 604.733.6484 FirstVicePresident [email protected] PatriciaRoy DepartmentofHistory,UniversityofVictoria,POBox3045,Victoria,BC,V8W3P4 SubscriptionSecretary: [email protected] JoelVinge 561WoodlandDrive SecondVicePresident CranbrookBCV1C6V2 RoyJ.V.Pallant 1541MerlynnCrescent,NorthVancouver,BC,V7J2X9ÊÊÊÊ Phone/Fax250.489.2490 [email protected] [email protected] Secretary PublishingCommittee: RonHyde TonyFarr #2012880RailwayAve.,Richmond,BC,V7E6G2ÊÊÊÊÊ 125CastleCrossRoad, Phone:[email protected] SaltSpringIslandBCV8K2G1 RecordingSecretary 250.537.1123 GordonMiller 1126MorrellCircle,Nanaimo,BC,[email protected] Copyediting:DianaBreti Proofreading:TonyFarr Treasurer LayoutandProduction:JohnAtkin RonGreene Webmaster:ChristopherGarrish POBox1351,Victoria,BC,V8W2W7ÊÊÊÊÊ [email protected] PastPresident Subscription$15.00peryear WayneDesrochers FormailingoutsideCanadaadd$10.00 1334657thAvenue,Surrey,BC,V3X2W8ÊÊÊÊÊ Pleasesendcorrespondenceregarding [email protected] subscriptionsandbackissuestothesubscrip- tionsecretaryinCranbrook. MemberatLarge AliceMarwood #31145520KnightRoad,Chilliwack,BC,[email protected] Singlecopiesofrecentissuesareforsaleat: MemberatLarge -ArrowLakesHistoricalSociety,NakuspBC PatrickDuane -BookWarehouse,GranvilleSt.VancouverBC HistoryDepartment,MalaspinaUniversityCollege -BooksandCompany,PrinceGeorgeBC [email protected] -GibsonCoastBooks,GibsonsBC -GalianoMuseum Editor JohnAtkin -GrayCreekStore,GrayCreekBC 921PrincessAvenue,Vancouver,BC,V6A3E8ÊÊÊÊ -RoyalMuseumShop,VictoriaBC [email protected] Committees ThispublicationisindexedintheCBCA, publishedbyMicromedia. HistoricalTrailsandMarkers ISSN1195-8294 JohnSpittle 1241MountCrownRoad,NorthVancouver,BC,V7R1R9ÊÊÊÊÊ [email protected] ProductionMailRegistrationNumber1245716 PublicationsMailRegistrationNo.09835 W.KayeLambEssayScholarshipsCommittee MemberoftheBritishColumbiaAssociationof RobertGriffin MagazinePublishers 107ReginaAvenue,Victoria,BC,V8Z1J4ÊÊÊÊ [email protected] Whilecopyrightinthejournalasawholeis PublicationsAssistance vestedintheBritishColumbiaHistorical NancyStuart-Stubbs Federation,copyrightintheindividualarticles 2651YorkAvenue,Vancouver,BC,V6K1E6ÊÊÊÊÊ belongstotheirrespectiveauthors,and [email protected] articlesmaybereproducedforpersonaluse only.Forreproductionforotherpurposes WritingCompetition-Lieutenant-Governor'sAward HelmiBraches permissioninwritingofbothauthorand P.O.Box130,Whonnock,BC,V2W1V9ÊÊÊÊ publisherisrequired. [email protected] www.bchistory.catheFederation’swebsiteishostedbySelkirkCollegeinCastlegar,BC BritishColumbiaHistoricalFederation AcharitablesocietyundertheIncomeTaxAct Organized31October1922 AffiliatedGroups ArchivesAssociationofBritishColumbia Hudson'sHopeHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ TheRiondel&AreaHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ NorthernB.C.Archives-UNBC Box98,Hudson'sHope,BCV0C1C0 Box201,Riondel,BCV0B2B0 HopeMuseumÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ JewishHistoricalSocietyofBritishColumbiaÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ SaltSpringIslandHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ LangleyCentennialMuseumÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ 206-950West41stAve,Vancouver,BCV5Z2N7 129McPhillipsAve,SaltSpringIsland,BCV8K2T6 Women'sHistoryNetworkofBritishColumbia KamloopsMuseumAssociation SandonHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ MemberSocieties 207SeymourStreet,Kamloops,BCÊV2C2E7 Box52,NewDenver,BCV0G1S0 AlberniDistrictHistoricalSociety KoksilahSchoolHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ SeaIslandHeritageSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox284,PortAlberni,BCV9Y7M7 5213TransCanadaHighway,Koksilah,BCV0R2C0 4191FergusonRoad,Richmond,BCV7B1P3 AbbotsfordGenealogicalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ KootenayDoukhoborHistoricalSociety SicamousMuseum&HistoricalSociety POBox672,Abbotsford,BCV2T3C7 112HeritageWay,Castlegar,BCV1N4M5 Box944,Sicamous,BCV0E2V0 AndersonLakeHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ KootenayLakeHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ SilverySlocanHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox40,D'Arcy,BCV0N1L0 POBox1262,Kaslo,BCV0G1M0 Box301,NewDenver,BCV0G1S0 ArrowLakesHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Ladysmith&DistrictHistoricalSocieity SouthPeaceHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox819,Nakusp,BCV0G1R0 c/o781ColoniaDriveLadysmith,BCV9G1N2 c/o900AlaskaAvenue,DawsonCreek,BCV1G4T6 AtlinHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ LangleyHeritageSociety StevestonHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox111,Atlin,BCV0WlA0 Box982,FortLangley,BCV1M2S3 3811MonctonSt.,Richmond,BCV7E3A0 BellaCoolaValleyMuseumSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ LantzvilleHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ SurreyHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Box726,BellaCoola,BCV0T1C0 c/oPOBox206,Lantzville,BCV0R2H0 Box34003,17790#10Highway,Surrey,BCV3S8C4 BoundaryHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ LondonHeritageFarmSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ TerraceRegionalHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox1687,GrandForks,BCV0H1H0 6511DykeRoad,Richmond,BCV7E3R3 POBox246,Terrace,BCV8G4A6 BowenIslandHistoriansÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ LumbyHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ TexadaIslandHeritageSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox97.BowenIsland,BCV0N1G0 POBox55,Lumby,BCV0E2G0 Box122,VanAnda,BCV0N3K0 BulkleyValleyHistorical&MuseumSocietyÊ MapleRidgeHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ TrailHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Box2615,Smithers,BCV0J2N0 Ê22520116thAvenue,MapleRidge,BCV2X0S4 POBox405,Trail,BCV1R4L7 BurnabyHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ MetchosinSchoolMuseumSociety UnionBayHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ 6501DeerLakeAvenue,Burnaby,BCV5G3T6 4475HappyValleyRoadVictoria,BCÊV9C3Z3 Box448,UnionBay,BCV0R3B0 ChemainusValleyHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Nakusp&DistrictMuseumSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ VancouverHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox172,Chemainus,BCV0R1K0 POBox584,Nakusp,BCV0G1R0 POBox3071,Vancouver,BCV6B3X6 CowichanHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Nanaimo&DistrictMuseumSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ VictoriaHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox1014,Duncan,BCV9L3Y2 100CameronRoad,Nanaimo,BCV9R2X1 POBox43035,VictoriaNorth,Victoria,BCV8X3G2 CraigdarrochCastleHistoricalMuseumSociety NanaimoHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ WilliamsLakeMuseumandHistoricalSociety 1050JoanCrescent,Victoria,BCV8S3L5 POBox933,Nanaimo,BCV9R5N2 113-4thAveNorth,WilliamsLake,BCV2G2C8 DeltaMuseumandArchivesÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ NelsonMuseum&HistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Yale&DistricthistoricalSociety 4858DeltaSt.,Delta,BCV4K2T8 402AndersonStreet,Nelson,BCV1L3Y3 Box74,Yale,BCV0K2S0 District69HistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ NorthShoreHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ YellowheadMuseumÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox1452,Parksville,BCV9P2H4 c/o1541MerlynnCres.,NorthVancouver,BCV7J2X9 Box1778,RR#1,Clearwater,BCV0E1N0 EastKootenayHistoricalAssociationÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ NorthShuswapHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ POBox74,Cranbrook,BCV1C4H6 POBox57,Celista,BCV0E1L0 TheBritishColumbiaHistoricalFederationisan FinnSloughHeritage&WetlandSocietyÊÊ OkanaganHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ umbrellaorganizationembracingregionalsocieties. 9480DykeRoad,RichmondBCV7A2L5 POBox313,Vernon,BCV1T6M3 LOCALHISTORICALSOCIETIESareentitledto FortNelsonHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ OldCemeteriesSocietyofVictoriaÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ becomeMemberSocietiesoftheBCHistorical Box716,FortNelson,BC,V0C1R0 Box5004,#15-1594FairfieldRd,VictoriaBCV8S5L8 Federation.Allmembersoftheselocalhistorical societiesshallbythatveryfactbemembersofthe GabriolaHistorical&MuseumSociety PembertonMuseum&Archives Federation. Box213,Gabriola,BC,V0R1X0 POBox267,Pemberton,BC,V0N2L0 AFFILIATEDGROUPSareorganizationswith GalianoMuseumSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ PrinceRupertCity&RegionArchivesÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ specializedinterestsorobjectsofahistorical S13-C19-RR1,GalianoIsland,B.C.V0N1P0 POBox1093,PrinceRupertBCV8J4H6 nature. GrayCreekHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Princeton&DistrictMuseum&ArchivesÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Box4,GrayCreek,B.C.V0B1S0 Box281,Princeton,BCV0X1W0 MEMBERSHIPFEESforbothclassesofmembership areonedollarpermemberofaMemberSocietyor GulfIslandsBranchBCHFÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ QualicumBeachHistoricalSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ AffiliatedGroupwithaminimummembershipfee c/oS-22,C-11,RR#1,GalianoIsland,BCV0N1P0 587BeachRoad,QualicumBeach,BCV9K1K7 of$25andamaximumof$75. HallmarkSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ QuesnelleForksMuseum&HistoricalSociety c/o810LindenAve,Victoria,BCV8V4G9 Box77Likely,BCÊV0L1N0ÊÊÊ Questionregardingmembershipshouldbesentto: RonHyde,Secretary HedleyHeritageSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Revelstoke&DistrictHistoricalAssociation #2012880RailwayAve., POBox218,Hedley,BCV0X1K0 Box1908,RevelstokeBCV0E2S0 RichmondBCV7E6G2 HorseflyHistoricalSociety RichmondMuseumSocietyÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ Phone604.277.2627Fax604.277.2657 Box11,Horsefly,BCV0L1L0 #180-7700MinoruGate,Richmond,BCV6Y1R8 [email protected] ReturnAddress: CanadianPublicationsMailProductSalesAgreementNo.40025793 BritishColumbiaHistoricalNews SubscriptionSecretary: PublicationsMailregistrationNo.09835 JoelVinge 561WoodlandDrive CranbrookBCV1C6S2 WeacknowledgethefinancialsupportoftheGovernmentofCanada,throughthePublicationsAssistanceprogram(PAP),towardourmailingcost