Tourist Guide Introduction Table of contents I. Introduction.............................................................. 3 II. Outline of history...................................................... 4 III. Chełmska Mountain................................................. 10 IV. Green Koszalin.......................................................... 14 V. Old Town Tourist Route............................................ 18 VI. Culture..................................................................... 30 1. Cultural events.............................................. 30 2. Museums and exhibitions............................. 34 3. Cultural activities.......................................... 37 VII. Active leisure pursuits in Koszalin............................ 40 VIII. On the tourist route................................................. 44 Editing: Katarzyna Rojek Translation: Piotr Trojanek Photos: Marcin Karasiński Graphic design and DTP: Aleksandra Cyrny Koszalin: bird’s eye view Koszalin as a tourist Koszalin is also a place where destination is charming with significant cultural events of Publication commissioned by: its historical atmosphere an international renown are The Municipality in Koszalin and the fascinating present held; at the same time, this is ul. Rynek Staromiejski 6-7, 75-007 Koszalin day. This is a town both a centre of active tourism and tel. (+48) 94 348 86 00, faks (+48) 94 348 86 25 with many monuments diverse forms of recreation; www.koszalin.pl and numerous modern for these, the local natural architectural solutions. values and the popularity of ecology are especially Copyright by: favourable. Finally, this is a town where there is always something going on: where everybody can enjoy life to the full. ul. Szosa Chełmińska 124, 87-100 Toruń tel./faks (+48) 56 651 19 61 www.pwr.com.pl Edition 2/2015 ISBN: 978-83-62826-53-7 3 Outline of history later by Germans) as the Kołobrzeg) in the charter for Vistula Veneti. Pomeranians the Norbertines from the referred to them as Polans. Białoboki village near the The oldest tracks of the town of Trzebiatów. dominating Kashubian tribal town, which was found in Establishment this period, were discovered of the Town by archaeologists in the No specific information present town of Białogard; about the pre-foundation soon afterwards, the largest settlement is preserved settlement in the region was from the times of the Piast established in Budzistowo conquests of the West (Stary Kołobrzeg). In the area Pomeranian period of the of Koszalin the settlement creation of the Grifit state, in Kretomino dating back to it was situated on the east 8-10th centuries performed frontiers of the Kołobrzeska this function. In this period, castellany in the Kashubian the pagan cult became active principality with the main on the Chełmska Mountain, centre of authority in the at that time known as the town of Szczecin. Upon the Outline of history Holm (Cholm, Golm). It is this order by Prince Barnim I, centre that the beginnings the land of Kołobrzeg with of Koszalin as an ancillary Koszalin was included in the settlement for a pagan temple dominion of the bishops of or a fair are to be connected Kamień. The establishment with. The name was recorded Cast of the oldest seal of Koszalin from 13th century: of the town ‘in cruda radice’ for the first time in the year collections of the National Archive in Szczecin according to the Lubeck 1214 as “villam… Cossalitz… law was done by the bishop iuxta Cholin in Cholebergensi Herman von Gleichen with Ancient history territorio” (the village of the Charter dated 23 May Koszalin near the Chełmska 1266. The German colonists Ca. 11,000 years ago after the archaeological sites in Mountain in the land of Marquard and Hartmann the retreat of the Scandinavian Dzierżęcino later brought glacier, the first people: further discoveries also to a nomadic group of reindeer confirm settlement in this hunters appeared near what area between the year 6000 is the today’s Koszalin. The and the year 4000 BC. The tracks of their stay were finds of tools from this period discovered in the area of the come also from other areas Lubiatowskie Lake in the form of the present Town: from of a camp near Kretomino ul. Dworcowa, the Chełmska and handle bow arrow heads Mountain, Jamno and in the area of Bonin and Lubiatowo villages. Lubiatowo. Near Dzierżęcino village, archeologists found Early Middle Ages the tracks of a stay and After the great migration flint tools of people from of people, the Slavic tribes the Mesolithic culture (the of Kashubians arrived to middle stone age) that date Pomerania at the end of back to the year 8000 BC. the sixth century. They Foundation charter of Koszalin dated 23 May 1266: A thorough examination of were called by Romans (and collections of the National Archive in Greifswald 4 5 Outline of history Outline of history were the first settlers and at the same time the aldermen of the town of Cussalin. From this moment on, the local Slavic people were downgraded to an ancillary role and in time they were completely germanized. A successful development Emblem of Koszalin of the Town, which had The emblem of Koszalin over 3,000 citizens in presents a blue shield with peak periods up to 19th a knight in a silver armour Model of the port of Koszalin 14th – 17th centuries: century, was ensured by on a white horse who holds Museum in Koszalin further endowments as a red shield with the Piast well as trade and economic white eagle in one hand and charters including the right Swedish armies had retreated marched two times through a pennant with a griffin from Koszalin. After the year the Town. The reform of the in the other hand. The 1701, Koszalin was in the Prussian state in 1816 turned emblem of the Town, boundaries of the Kingdom out to be significant for the with the stamp of Prince of Prussia. With a support development of Koszalin. As Bogusław II as the from King Frederick Wilhelm a result of it, Regierungbezirk model, was drawn up I, the Town was rebuilt after Köslin (the Koszalin Regency) in the heraldic respect the great fire in the year was established in the borders by Tadeusz Przypkowski 1718, when the castle was which were similar to those from Jędrzejów, and was burnt down; it was only the of the Koszalińskie Province approved on the grounds church and a part of the in the period of 1950- of a resolution by the houses that survived. During 1977. At that time, there Town Council dated 10 the Napoleon wars, the Little was a significant economic Fragment of the oldest map Feb. 1959. Corporal army including the development. The population of the West Pomerania according In the Prussian times first infantry regiment of numbers, which exceeded to Artopeus from Koszalin from Prince Antoni Paweł Sułkowski 10 thousand in 1858, also the year 1544: Museum in Koszalin The heirless death of Prince Bogusław to organize fairs, minting XIV, the last Grifit ruler, in the Town’s own coin and the year 1637, caused the even the right to sea trade. conditions of the hereditary Koszalin, owing to its own treaty concluded with port by the Jamno Lake, Brandenburg to begin to be became a member of Hanza. realized, as a result of which After the reformation the Hohenzollerns became of the secularization of the sovereigns of West the bishop’s dominion in Pomerania. To their titles, Koszalin, a Renaissance they added: the “Prince (…) of prince’s castle was built. Pomerania, Kashubians and The princes from the Grifit’s Veneti”. These decisions were dynasty resided there: the recorded in the Westphalian builder of the castle Jan treaty, which ended the Frederick, Kazimierz, Francis thirty-year war that enfeebled and his son Ulrick as the last Pomerania and Koszalin; prince. yet, they were realized only Koszalin after the great fire in 1718 in the year 1653 after the Oil picture from 19th century: Museum in Koszalin 6 7 Outline of history Outline of history The monument “To those who fought for the Polish identity and freedom of Pomerania”, popularly known as the Birds of Koszalin, is the landmark of the Town. It is situated between the roundabout of Cardinal Ignacy Jeż and the building of the Koszalin University of Technology. Birds, spears and rifles, which symbolize the fight of Polish people, proudly drive on stylized platform trailers of Seal matrices of Koszalin cannons straight to the with the emblem of St John sky on an artificially the Baptist, 19 century: built hill. Below, ploughs Museum in Koszalin and other parts of agricultural machinery increased; in the year 1939, the Guard of General Aleks make a reference to the Koszalin had 33.5 thousand Panfiłow and by the sub-units post-war settlement. of residents. In 19th century, of the 310th Infantry Division. Several sunflowers and Koszalin became famous for At that time, plunders and suns are associated Memorial to the Martyrdom its factory of smoked salmon arsons occurred, and the with the joy of life. The of the Polish Nation and goose breasts. Before the houses in the market were spatial sculpture by First World War, it boasted probably burnt down for the Władysław Hasior, one it himself for two years; he of the production of LVG, needs of those film makers which is the most extensive, found the elements in scrap aircraft parts in a branch of who documented the “fierce spans 80 m, was unveiled in yards, which he later welded the air plants in Hamburg. combats for liberation”. On 1982. The artist worked on together. A modern paper factory, with the grounds of the provisions one thousand of employees, of the Yalta treaty, the West was the largest plant before Pomerania with Koszalin Monument “For those who fought for Polish identity the Second World War. It was returned to the borders and freedom of Pomerania”: W. Hasior burnt down after Russians of Poland. The first Polish took away the machines in teams in the Town were the year 1945.