Table of Contents Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Purpose .............................................................................................................................................. 1‐1 1.2 Watershed Management Team ................................................................................................................ 1‐1 1.3 Watershed Planning Process .................................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.3.1 Understanding the Watershed .................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.3.2 Stakeholder Involvement .............................................................................................................. 1‐3 1.3.3 Modeling and Analysis .................................................................................................................... 1‐4 1.3.4 Plan Development ............................................................................................................................. 1‐4 1.4 Document Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 1‐5 Section 2 Watershed Description 2.1 Physical and Natural Features ................................................................................................................. 2‐1 2.1.1 Watershed Boundaries ................................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1.2 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................................. 2‐5 2.1.3 Wildlife ................................................................................................................................................ 2‐9 2.2 Land Use and Land Cover ........................................................................................................................ 2‐10 2.2.1 Current Land Use ........................................................................................................................... 2‐10 2.2.2 Desired Use ....................................................................................................................................... 2‐13 Section 3 Watershed Conditions 3.1 Water Quality Standards ............................................................................................................................ 3‐2 3.1.1 Desired Use .......................................................................................................................................... 3‐2 3.1.2 Numeric and Narrative Criteria .................................................................................................. 3‐2 3.1.3 Antidegradation Policies ................................................................................................................ 3‐3 3.2 Water Quality Monitoring Data ............................................................................................................... 3‐3 3.2.1 Previous Sampling Programs ....................................................................................................... 3‐3 3.2.2 Comprehensive Sampling Program ........................................................................................... 3‐3 3.2.3 Summary of Findings ....................................................................................................................... 3‐4 3.3 Geomorphological Assessment ................................................................................................................ 3‐6 3.3.1 Physical Stream Characterization .............................................................................................. 3‐6 3.3.2 Flow Data .............................................................................................................................................. 3‐9 3.4 Biological Data ............................................................................................................................................. 3‐10 3.4.1 Periphyton ........................................................................................................................................ 3‐10 3.4.2 Benthic Macroinvertebrate ........................................................................................................ 3‐10 3.4.3 Fish……… ............................................................................................................................................ 3‐11 3.5 Impaired Use ................................................................................................................................................. 3‐11 Section 4 Pollutant Source and Load Assessment 4.1 Nonpoint Sources .......................................................................................................................................... 4‐1 4.2 Point Sources ................................................................................................................................................... 4‐4 4.3 Other Potential Pollutant Sources .......................................................................................................... 4‐4 4.4 Linkage of Pollutant Loads to Water Quality ..................................................................................... 4‐5 4.5 Estimation of Pollutant Loads .................................................................................................................. 4‐6 4.5.1 Point Sources ...................................................................................................................................... 4‐6 4.5.2 Nonpoint Sources .............................................................................................................................. 4‐6 i Document Code 4.6 Areas in Need of Improvement ................................................................................................................ 4‐7 Section 5 Watershed Management Objectives Section 6 Watershed Management Strategies 6.1 Structural Controls ........................................................................................................................................ 6‐3 6.1.1 Rain Garden/Bioretention Area .................................................................................................. 6‐4 6.1.2 Street Planters/Tree Filters .......................................................................................................... 6‐5 6.1.3 Porous Pavement ............................................................................................................................... 6‐6 6.1.4 Green Roof ............................................................................................................................................ 6‐7 6.1.5 Sand Filter ............................................................................................................................................ 6‐8 6.2 Nonstructural Controls ................................................................................................................................ 6‐9 6.2.1 Removal of Low Head Dams ...................................................................................................... 6‐10 6.2.2 Modify North Stamford Reservoir Low Flow Outlet ....................................................... 6‐10 6.2.3 Holts Ice Pond Remediation....................................................................................................... 6‐12 6.2.4 River Bank Restoration ................................................................................................................ 6‐12 6.2.5 Riparian Buffer Improvements ................................................................................................ 6‐13 6.2.6 Removal of Invasive Plants ........................................................................................................ 6‐14 6.2.7 Instream Restoration .................................................................................................................... 6‐14 6.2.8 Public Access Points ...................................................................................................................... 6‐15 6.2.9 Designate Wildlife Protection and Viewing Areas ........................................................... 6‐16 6.3 Programmatic and Regulatory Mechanisms.................................................................................... 6‐16 6.3.1 Waterfowl Reduction Program................................................................................................. 6‐16 6.3.2 Pet Waste Reduction Program .................................................................................................. 6‐17 6.3.3 Community Participation Events ............................................................................................. 6‐18 6.3.4 Reduce Improper Yard Waste Dumping ............................................................................... 6‐19 6.3.5 Develop Website for Public Education and Information ............................................... 6‐20 6.3.6 Educational Signage near River ............................................................................................... 6‐20 6.3.7 Mark Stormwater Grates with Educational Message ...................................................... 6‐21 6.3.8 Promote Better Commercial