Alpine-Western Balkan Rail Freight Corridor No. 10 “ Capacity Improvement and Operational Bottleneck Study” Final version Ljubljana, November 2020 AWB RFC Bottleneck Study Alpine-Western Balkan Rail Freight Corridor 10 (AWB Project title: RFC): Capacity Improvement and Operational Bottleneck Study PROMETNI INSTITUT LJUBLJANA, d. o. o. Contractor: Kolodvorska 11, 1000 Ljubljana 5/2020/19 (Contracting authority) Contract No.: 20-PRPI-02 (Contractor) SŽ – Infrastruktura, d. o. o. Contracting authority: Kolodvorska 11, 1000 Ljubljana Klemen Ponikvar, M. Sc. Traffic Tadeja Ključevšek, B. Sc. Traffic Aleksandar Dobrijević, M. Sc. Econ. Mihaela Fridrih Praznik, B. Sc. Laws Authors: Mateja Hočevar, B. Sc. Econ. Blaž Jemenšek, M. Sc. Econ. Vlasta Miklavžin, M. Sc. Eng. Klara Zrimc, M. Sc. Econ. Proofreading: Amidas d. o. o. Document status: Final version Location and date: Ljubljana, November 2020 Project Manager: Manager: Klemen PONIKVAR, M. Sc. Peter VERLIČ, D. Sc. November 2020 ©Prometni institut Ljubljana, d.o.o. ii AWB RFC Bottleneck Study CONTENT GLOSSARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 3 2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY .................................................................... 5 3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 6 3.1 BASELINES FOR THE STUDY ELABORATION ......................................... 6 3.2 METHOD USED IN STUDY ELABORATION .............................................. 7 4 ANALYSIS OF RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE ................................................ 8 4.1 WP1: TRAIN LENGTH ................................................................................... 10 4.2 WP2: LOADING GAUGE ............................................................................... 12 4.3 WP3: AXLE LOAD AND LOAD PER METRE ............................................ 14 4.3.1 Axle load .......................................................................................................... 14 4.3.2 Load per metre .................................................................................................. 16 4.3.3 Traction and train mass .................................................................................... 17 4.4 WP4: SPEEDS ................................................................................................. 20 4.4.1 Maximal line speed .......................................................................................... 20 4.4.2 Average line speeds .......................................................................................... 21 4.4.3 Permanent speed restrictions ............................................................................ 23 4.4.4 Average train speeds ........................................................................................ 24 4.5 WP5: LINE ELECTRIFICATION ................................................................... 25 4.6 WP6: ERTMS ................................................................................................... 27 4.6.1 ETCS ................................................................................................................ 27 4.6.2 GSM-R ............................................................................................................. 29 4.7 INFRASTRUCTURE PARAMETER ACHIEVEMENT IN 2020 ................. 31 4.8 CAPACITY CONSUMPTION ........................................................................ 32 4.9 WP7: BORDER STATION OPERATIONS .................................................... 33 4.9.1 Border operations ............................................................................................. 33 4.9.1.1 EU and Schengen Area ..................................................................................... 33 4.9.1.2 EU Customs Union ........................................................................................... 34 4.9.1.3 Stakeholders at railway border crossings and interactions ............................... 36 4.9.1.4 Main processes undertaken at railway border crossings .................................. 37 4.9.1.5 Border crossing procedures .............................................................................. 39 4.9.1.6 Interoperable trains ........................................................................................... 40 4.9.1.7 Commercial train/wagon check ........................................................................ 40 4.9.1.8 Mutual trust agreement ..................................................................................... 41 4.9.2 Electronic data interchange .............................................................................. 42 November 2020 ©Prometni institut Ljubljana, d.o.o. iii AWB RFC Bottleneck Study 4.9.2.1 General ............................................................................................................. 43 4.9.2.2 ORFEUS ........................................................................................................... 45 4.9.2.3 Hermes / HEROS ............................................................................................. 47 4.9.3 Cross-border sections ....................................................................................... 48 4.9.3.1 Station of exchange of traffic Spielfeld-Straß (Austria) .................................. 48 4.9.3.2 Station of exchange of traffic Jesenice (Slovenia) ........................................... 50 4.9.3.3 Station of exchange of traffic Dobova (Slovenia) ............................................ 53 4.9.3.4 Cross-border section Tovarnik (Croatia) – Šid (Serbia) .................................. 57 4.9.3.5 Cross-border section Dimitrovgrad (Serbia) – Dragoman (Bulgaria) .............. 61 4.9.3.6 Svilengrad (Bulgaria) – Kapikule cross-border section (Turkey) .................... 66 4.9.4 Dimitrovgrad (IŽS) rail border crossing practice ............................................. 72 4.9.5 Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 78 4.10 AWB RFC CONNECTING LINES ................................................................. 81 4.11 INTERMODAL TERMINALS ........................................................................ 82 5 TRANSPORT VOLUME .............................................................................. 87 5.1 CURRENT VOLUME ..................................................................................... 87 5.1.1 Freight volume ................................................................................................. 87 5.1.2 Freight volume in terminals ............................................................................. 91 5.1.3 Passenger volume ............................................................................................. 92 5.1.4 Cross-border sections ....................................................................................... 93 5.1.5 Combined transport .......................................................................................... 94 5.2 TRANSPORT FORECAST ............................................................................. 96 5.2.1 EU White Paper 2011 ....................................................................................... 96 5.2.2 European Green Deal ....................................................................................... 97 5.2.3 Base input data ................................................................................................. 98 5.2.4 Fields of action for modal shift ........................................................................ 99 5.2.4.1 Rail carriers ...................................................................................................... 99 5.2.4.2 Railway infrastructure .................................................................................... 100 5.2.4.3 The policymakers and authorities ................................................................... 102 5.2.5 Forecast scenarios ........................................................................................... 103 6 WP8: RESULTING MEASURES AND COST ESTIMATION .............. 109 6.1 INVESTMENT PLANS ................................................................................. 109 6.1.1 Austria (ÖBB-I) .............................................................................................. 109 6.1.2 Slovenia (SŽ-I) ............................................................................................... 111 6.1.3 Croatia (HŽ-I) ................................................................................................. 113 6.1.4 Serbia (IŽS) .................................................................................................... 115 6.1.5 Bulgaria (NRIC) ............................................................................................. 116 November 2020 ©Prometni institut Ljubljana, d.o.o. iv AWB RFC Bottleneck Study 6.2 COSTS ............................................................................................................ 119 6.3 WP1: TRAIN LENGTH ................................................................................. 120 6.3.1 COSTS ............................................................................................................ 123 6.3.2 VOLUME