Heft 276 Lydia Seitz Development of new methods to apply a multi- parameter approach – A first step towards the determination of colmation Development of new methods to apply a multi-parameter approach – A first step towards the determination of colmation von der Fakultät Bau- und Umweltingenieurwissenschaften der Universität Stuttgart zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Abhandlung vorgelegt von Lydia Seitz aus St. Georgen, Deutschland Hauptberichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Silke Wieprecht Mitberichter: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Steeb Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.07.2020 Institut für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung der Universität Stuttgart 2020 Heft 276 Development of new methods to apply a multi-parameter approach – A first step towards the determination of colmation von Dr.-Ing. Lydia Seitz Eigenverlag des Instituts für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung der Universität Stuttgart D93 Development of new methods to apply a multi-parameter approach – A first step towards the determination of colmation Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://www.d-nb.de abrufbar Seitz, Lydia: Development of new methods to apply a multi-parameter approach – A first step towards the determination of colmation, Universität Stuttgart. - Stuttgart: Institut für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung, 2020 (Mitteilungen Institut für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung, Universität Stuttgart: H. 276) Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2020 ISBN 978-3-942036-80-1 NE: Institut für Wasser- und Umweltsystemmodellierung <Stuttgart>: Mitteilungen Gegen Vervielfältigung und Übersetzung bestehen keine Einwände, es wird lediglich um Quellenangabe gebeten. Herausgegeben 2020 vom Eigenverlag des Instituts für Wasser- und Umweltsystem- modellierung Druck: DCC Kästl e.K., Ostfildern I ___________________________________________________________________________ Acknowledgment First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor and examiner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Silke Wieprecht, chair of the Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management of the Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems (IWS) at the University of Stuttgart for her outstanding supervision and motivating attitude during my time at IWS and during the time I have been working on my dissertation. I would like to thank her for her support and giving me the freedom to realize my own ideas. Further, a special thank you goes to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Steeb, head of the Institute of Applied Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart as co-supervisor of my thesis. I benefited from numerous discussions particularly coming from another field of interest. A very warm thank you to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Markus Noack, head of the Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management at the University of Applied Sciences at Karlsruhe for supervising my dissertation and introducing me to the fascinating field of colmation. Without his encouragement, support, and fruitful discussions this thesis would not have been realizable. I greatly enjoyed his company and discussions. I am also grateful to my colleagues at the Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems for having a pleasurable time in a friendly atmosphere leading to many fruitful discussions. Especially mentioned are the employees of the Hydraulic Laboratory who greatly supported me during my laboratory experiments and who provided specific field equipment. There are many student assistants who supported me during field work and laboratory experiments mostly under extremely harsh conditions. I could not have done all of this without your everlasting power of support. Finally, I want to express my gratitude to my family and especially to my husband Christian for their unconditional support, patience, and encouragement. II ___________________________________________________________________________ Table of content Acknowledgment ....................................................................................................................... I Table of content ........................................................................................................................ II List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... V List of Tables ............................................................................................................................. X Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................... XI Notation ................................................................................................................................. XII Abstract ................................................................................................................................. XV Zusammenfassung .............................................................................................................. XVII 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Motivation .................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives .................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Structure of work ......................................................................................................... 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW - BASICS ........................................................................ 5 2.1 Ecological aspects ........................................................................................................ 5 2.1.1 Life cycle of gravel spawning fish ..................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Oxygen consumption of different life stages and critical thresholds ........................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Colmation ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Basics about colmation .................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Assessment of colmation ................................................................................. 16 2.2.3 Impact of colmation ......................................................................................... 22 2.3 Towards a multi-parameter approach ........................................................................ 26 2.3.1 Grain size distribution...................................................................................... 27 2.3.2 Porosity ............................................................................................................ 34 2.3.3 Hydraulic conductivity .................................................................................... 36 2.3.4 Intragravel dissolved oxygen saturation .......................................................... 42 2.4 Evaluation of existing assessment methods for determining colmation ................................................................................................................... 44 3. METHODS ............................................................................................................... 46 3.1 Sediment samples and grain size distribution ............................................................ 46 3.1.1 Sediment sampling with the freeze core technique.......................................... 46 3.1.2 Grain size distribution...................................................................................... 47 III ___________________________________________________________________________ 3.2 Porosity using Structure from Motion with Multi View Stereo ................................. 47 3.2.1 Determination of Vtot ....................................................................................... 49 3.2.2 Software Photoscan (Agisoft) .......................................................................... 50 3.2.3 Determination of VSe and porosity ................................................................... 51 3.3 In-situ measurement of slurping rates for determination of vertical profiles of hydraulic conductivity (VertiCo)................................................. 52 3.3.1 Equipment used for the VertiCo method ......................................................... 52 3.3.2 Experimental procedure ................................................................................... 54 3.3.3 Conversion of slurping rates into hydraulic conductivity using a g roundwater model ............................................................................................ 55 3.4 Intragravel dissolved oxygen saturation .................................................................... 59 4. LABORATORY SET-UP AND FIELD APPLICATION .................................... 60 4.1 Preliminary tests and laboratory experiments to determine porosity based on SfM-MVS ..................................................................................... 61 4.1.1 Preliminary experiments with geometric bodies ............................................. 61 4.1.2 Laboratory