;4. DOCUMENT E'D 079 467. ,UD 013 748 J- . -,t4 AUTHO . Tinkr, Hugh TITLE ' 1Pace and the Third World City. An Internationals Urbanization Su±vey'Rep9rt to the Fora' FOundation. INSTITUTION Ford Foundation.'New ybrx, N.Y. International .., Urbanization Suryey. - PUB -DATE 72 NOTE 53p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-3.29 , " DESCRIPTORS ,CityCity Planning; Demography;.kJeveloping-NdEions; Reliwtions;rEtfinic Status; Housing; Industrialization; Job Market; Living,' Wandardsblitical Rower; PopulationGrowth;*Race; *Rape Relations; Racial CoMpOsition; Racial. Discrimination; Racial Factors; *Urbanization;,Urban Popu4tion;Urbari Slums-1 .7, :142N ABSTRACT , This survey paper attempts to demonstrate that there., is a function'al interaction between rate and the city, Given the ;basic features of slums, squatter coloniles, rapid immigration, patchy industrialization and chronic unemployment, together with politial instability (induced both internally and externally), the author attempts'tb show that race is the intervening variable in-the evolution of the Third World urban plural society and the ~ perpetuation of the ghetto- and exclusivism. The following topics are dipcussed: (1) the evolution of the city;. (2)race reltions within the city;(1) thee colonial legacy; (4) race inithe city todsy; (5). the implications of race for city' managdkent;, (6) town-planning and race;(7) the future of race in the city; (8) dome ,..2esea'401. suggestions: 'tribalism' in the dity; consequerkces ofpublic policy on patterns of settlement; employment and ethnicity; political ideologies and movements. [For relaed documents in this series, 'see .UD.013 731-UD 013 744 for*suzveys Ok?,specific podeXries. For spePial studies analy "ing Urbani ation in the Third World, see UD 013 745-747.] (Author/SB) 0 N 4 . t .MOMMMININVmoinemommillilMIONNI . An International Urbanization Report to the Ford Foundation 0 Race nd the Third ridcity O o 1'. A 0 iA)S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE' NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUENT_M HAS BEEN REPRO DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NEEESSARIL1 REPRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF, EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY IF3 *:* copy. FIL AED FROMBEST AVAILABLE e. , - a . 0 .t* ~a. a " ti -of 4 . 9, . onal Survey of Urbanization in the Thiik working-paper was.prepared,aslupportive material for an It 970 and was completed late in 1972. developing countries, which was organized by theFordFSundation late i uide the Foundation in miring The purpose 9f the Suivey was to provide findingsand recommendations to lets-developed inforrned judgmenth on its kture participation in programsrelated to.the urb n conditiob in the countries. 4 $ The Survey.was directed neither to perform nortocommission original research. Its work was to be essentially a field analytic, and indrative of program choices. To servethese objectives, the Survey was opeiltioh in which the staff travelled widely in-the countries where theFoundation maintains field offices and assigned to the drew not only upon its own observations bid upbn theexperience of rOuVation perSonnel delveoping countries. The staff's own field notes on phases of urbanizationin specific countries were expanded of data 'into working papers boll to record observations and toclarify the deductive processes and the analyses which were to form a dernonstrable basis for the Survey'sconclusions. Additional working papers were provided by Fobrigation personael with a depth of fieldknowledge. and by consultants expert either inspecific . countries or in topics of special inIereSt. - evident, The Survey Working papers and special studies wereoriginally intended only for internal use.._._ It became howev"er, that the body of mat7riql had values whicharRued_lbr wider exposure. Accordingly, the FoundatiOnis publishing the papers for thoselnkth special country ortopical interests and 'or those interested in thematerial (...'.. as a whole a 1G 1\)1. The working p.pers carry disclaimers a'pproplate to the circumstances of theirpreparation and to the limitations of their original pUrpose. The reader should notexpect to find in them either the product oforiginal; research or a"comprehengive treatment of the processesof urbanization in the particular country. Rather, they dccasionft papers whose unity derives from their use as eRemplary and illustrativematerial for the Sure. are c But !unity of form and substance isnot the measureof their value. Each rep& and special study is an essay on should some aspect of urbanization in thedeveloping countries, In most instance, they are what a good essay authors be unmistakably parsonalized.and thereforereflective of the insights ant3Tie convictions of informed i The International Urbanization Survey c John P. Robin, Director . 'ColinRoSser ::1- Frederick C. Tetzo , 4. 4. 16 a I. , , ..W!-74,75',7.,:=WiggV;Ccflz-'"Y- , At . 4, , L. r -5/ .1 4 44' L ) , , CD gr. 4 0 cr) S. 0 . .- I. o 0 ril 4J 44 a (CS RS 0 N 5* 9-1 03 0 El 4:1 r.34 $4 es 0. 0 H-0 44 4. .0-I cll E-I rgs s-t H ' 0. 1 fa. t. 1 I . S..62,0 03 50 N 1 ( J t 4 c 'CONTE N.T4 t 0 C wippucTioN 1 THE,EVOLLP6ONOF THE ITY 5 RACETELATIONS WITHIN THE CITY ...,,. THE COLONIAL LE9ACY 13 4- 1 , k, RACE IN THE .CITY TOD Y -0.5 . THE IMPLICATIONS- OF' CE'FOR CITYMANAGEMEr 21 TOWN-PLANNING AND , , ( A . S . ", - $ -THf-FUTUn OFI.RACg N THE .CITY 4 , (7--- , SOME SEARCH SUGGESTIONS, _ , 46 r ON '< 4 2'Itibalismnq the City . / 46 ,, Nr The coneeque ces of public polidy'ron- ,47 t..._ atterng of settlemetn .......,. Employment and elicitir". 4 I Political ildeologies and movements_ o. W O 1 N r 0 t INTRODUCTION) \. In preparing this paper, I found considerabledifficUlty in , , a . .7 turning a sntic analysis into one'which is dynamic. It is 4 0 , . a straightforward task 'to de1scTibe the evolution of ,!' . the city - ) , . 1\...) -and isPiesent characterisAics. it 'is also not difficult _ . , c to describe(theevolutionof Third World 'urban plural.bocie- ; ; v ,, , tiesv.and_the perpetuation of the ghettoand exclusivism...-1* 1 . But can we deMOnstrate a between race, , , , ,, , , - . :___ andthecity? GiVen the bi-sic Natures of siUths-iLscivatter . V I colonies4rapid imr0ration, patchyindustralisation. and -." I :. '''' cfEilatillartploymentdtogetherwith political instability .,........., . (induced-13;0th internally andexternally) - can we demon- 'strata that addition of the race factorm es qualiT . a ive difference? . ` I believe th4:t wecan. ' Butwemust . beware of interpreting phenomenaby deducing racad.an-inz , . dependent variable when 't is actuallyaninterneing vari- a- % abldc \ - , . I -- Befor4consider ng :6e normal,let 'us examine `the,ab- . normal: \ 8, the city in a condition.' of dysfdnction 7.'the,urban vv . .P . .. \ \ riot,Ingeneral, thrughoutO tte Third WOrld,i ... iotsAand .0 , -, , 1 \ °. all faint: of violent protestare common,, and are-mainly I. .., . 46. ,. staged in the city. )34t, the rate riot is exceptional,,',' , . whereas, in the United Stites, the race riot- the violent: .. ., -confrontation of Blacks and Whites- has become a, constant,' tcyclicaltphenomenon. Earlier it, took the form o '-4White at,'r. tackdI. op Black victims; now its paramount form is that of . 'Y/ . , C i 4 V c." f --q21 Black 'attacks upon White property, andsometimespon (sym- b2hically Whiterpolice. We.do nc*b.find any tue pattern in the Third World.-tet usconsider some of the rsI ,- ,prinCipal "raceriots-"----sincesWorld Wa'r II. , Th-e,:nprestequivalent to- the U...4pattermasprobably'. N . % c .. 111W. .-ethe Singdpore riotor 0 ertheicase of . , . Bhe:was the child Of,Dutchi..parents,who'yere.interned by the . Japanese. They gavethe little girlfa= safe keeping to-; nurse,-,-aildBertWwap brought grin:aitalay-vil- . /their 'Malay / r 1. .. lage. pome time aftet the war; the patentsloc.at,egltheir , 0 . e '''' child, and asked for tier return. The dalay.foter mother Pending a court:-.hearing, the girl washastilpmar- resifted. , . 7 ried to a Malay husbandrhaving.-gone through the.form.of e.4.:4`."' , .conversion to Islard. The Singapore 'Court took,her'into'cus:- 4 tody.' The .protest cf the ,crowd against thepolice.custodi- 6 , . Jr- . ,.. % ans esCalated; rioting became widespread, cever4 Europeans , . , , ffere----kill-ed; the British any had to restore.. ; . , . , ., . , .- a caseis that it had orderA;tWhat is noticeable about this . .. :nothing t0 do with urban :grianpesi andit took place amid; an urban populationthat- was three-quarters Chinseandwas not identified-with~ theMal,iy-Islamic protest: . : 4. , . , A!major riot also broe,ciut in Singaporein'1954, after . a V -..c the arrest of.Communist.oganiserswithinthd age high schools. The pretest wasrapidly'contained-and sup-i I / pressed by the implementation of amaster-plauto iaolate , - sections-of the city between roaq blocksand patrols. .4 ' 0, 4 1 13] 0 Frustrated, sOme of, the A_Chinese riOters ventedtheir fury on Malaytixi drivers, etc. The ovefthtbw, of the Zanzibai regime, soon after ' . , ;ride- ;---- .. 0 pendence, wasaccompanied, by 'racial revengemetedout.by . f- - Africanagainst-mestizo Arab-Africans. and- , Iranian-African. 1 ..- . who formed the.ruling1 elite and the merchant aristocracy. - - . ; ...... 1_ 'The Zanzibar perseCuti;6iof the Mestizos still continues; , . .... - .,',...r...:..., , . , 0 c Indonesia, the rising'which beg& as a more to cllange. 4 \ the army-IdadereLp,'and ended mith the aowhfall ofStikardo I . .. 1, . the "Gestapu Affair" of 1965 -.was//virtuallyde-