THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 44(2): 108–115. 2016. DOI: 10.20531/TFB.2016.44.2.04 Genus Calyptrochaeta (Daltoniaceae, Bryophyta) in Thailand WANWISA JUENGPRAYOON1, BOON-CHUAN HO2 & SAHUT CHANTANAORRAPINT1,* ABSTRACT A review of the genus Calyptrochaeta Desv. in Thailand is presented, based on herbarium specimens and field surveys. Two species are recognized, namely C. remotifolia (Müll. Hal.) Z. Iwats. et al. and C. spinosa (Nog.) Ninh. A key to species, descriptions, and illustrations for the species of Calyptrochaeta occurring in Thailand are provided. In addition, lectotype for the names Eriopus spinosus Nog. (= C. spinosa) are also designated in here. KEYWORDS: Bryophyta, Calyptrochaeta, Daltoniaceae, lectotypification, moss, Thailand. Published online: 8 December 2016 INTRODUCTION 1990; Lin & Tan, 1995; Mohamed & Robinson, 1991; Ho & Kruijer, 2007), there are few reports of The genus Calyptrochaeta, a member of the this genus from Thailand. The first report of family Daltoniaceae, was first established by Calyptrochaeta in Thailand was published by Touw Desvaux in 1825 based on Calyptrochaeta cristata (1968), who reported C. remotifolia (Müll.Hal.) (Hedw.) Desv. It comprises approximately 30 species Z.Iwats. et al. (as Eriopus remotifolius Müll.Hal.) (Streimann, 2000; Frey & Stech, 2009), which are from Nakhorn Si Thammarat Province. Later, usually found growing on humus, decaying wood Akiyama et al. (2011) reported C. ramosa (M.Fleisch.) and tree bases in montane forest, and is distributed B.C.Tan & H.Rob. subsp. spinosa (Nog.) P.J.Lin & mainly in tropical regions of the world (Ho & B.C.Tan (= C. spinosa (Nog.) Ninh) from Doi Kruijer, 2007). Calyptrochaeta is easily recognized Inthanon National Park, Chiang Mai Province. by 1) complanately foliated and often gemmiferous Sukkharak et al. (2014) also found C. remotifolia stems, 2) distinctly bordered leaves with a short, from Chanthaburi Province. The aim of the present forked costa, 3) thick and spiny setae, and 4) fringed study was to prepare a revision of Calyptrochaeta often-hairy calyptrae (Ho & Kruijer, 2007). within the framework of the bryophyte Flora of Thailand is well-known as one of the richest Thailand. areas of bryophyte diversity (e.g. He et al., 2012; Chantanaorrapint & Sridith, 2014; Inuthai et al., MATERIALS AND METHODS 2014, 2015; Chantanaorrapint, 2015; Promma & Chantanaorrapint, 2015). Both the Indo-Burmese This study is based on recent collections from and Sundaland hotspots meet in this area (Myers et Thailand as well as herbarium specimens housed in al., 2000), which is considered as a centre of plant BCU, BKF, CMU, HYO, L and PSU. Morphological distribution in South-East Asia (Smitinand, 1989). and anatomical characters have been studied using Although several publications have contributed to stereoscopic and compound microscopes. The the knowledge of the Asiatic species of Calyptrochaeta distinctive characters of the species have been (e.g. Noguchi, 1937; Ninh, 1981; Tan & Robinson, illustrated with the aid of an Olympus drawing tube. 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand. 2 Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Republic of Singapore; e-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author: e-mail: [email protected] © 2016 The Forest Herbarium GENUS CALYPTROCHAETA (DALTONIACEAE, BRYOPHYTA) IN THAILAND (W. JUENGPRAYOON, B.-C. HO & S. CHANTANAORRAPINT) 109 In addition, an identification key to species and TAXONOMIC TREATMENT detailed descriptions of each species are provided There are two species of Calyptrochaeta in along with their known distribution and ecological Thailand: C. remotifolia and C. spinosa and a key data. for distinguishing them is given below: 1. Foliate stems up to 5.5 cm tall, with rounded apex when gemmiferous; stems in cross section with a central strand. Leaves strongly toothed along margin, bordered by 3–4 rows of linear cells C. remotifolia 1. Foliate stems up to 3 cm tall, with attenuated apex when gemmiferous; stems in cross section without a central strand. Leaves weakly toothed along margin, bordered by 1–2 rows of linear cells C. spinosa 1. Calyptrochaeta remotifolia (Müll.Hal.) Z.Iwats., ovate to elliptic, 0.7–1.0 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, B.C.Tan & Touw., J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 44: 150. round, entire. Seta slender, 4–7 mm long, reddish 1978.— Eriopus remotifolius Müll.Hal., Bot. Zeitung brown, papillose 5–10 µm long. Capsule ovoid- (Berlin) 5: 828. 1847.— Hookeria remotifolia oblong, horizontal, 1.0–1.8 mm long, operculum (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal., Syn. Musc. Frond. 2: 207. long rostrate; outer peristome teeth orange to red- 1851. Type: Indonesia. Java, “monte Gédé supra dish, lanceolate, narrowly furrowed, transversely terram humosam et lapides”, Reinwardt s.n. (holotype striolate; inner peristome teeth as long as outer B). Figs. 1 & 3A–D. peristome, with high basal membrane. Calyptra mitriform, slightly hairy above, strongly fringed Plants light to dark green, glossy, turning to hairs at the base. Asexual reproduction by gemmae, brownish yellow in herbarium specimens. Rhizoids numerous cluster of reddish brown, filiform, present dark reddish, dense on primary stem. Primary stems along distal part of foliate stem among leaves. short tightly attached to substrata, bearing a number of aerial foliate stems. Foliate stems erect, medium Thailand.― NORTHERN: Chiang Mai [Doi to large in size, 2.5–5.5 cm long, 0.8–1.0 cm wide Inthanon National Park, 15 ha Plot, near Check Point with leaves, usually unbranched, dark green to reddish 2, 1600–1700 m, 31 Dec. 2008, Akiyama et al. 239 brown, in cross section with a differentiated central (HYO); 6 Jan. 2009, Akiyama et al. 407 (HYO); 10 strand, 24–28 cells across; cortical cells 4–5 layers, Mar. 2011, Printarakul 2673, 3654 (CMU, O)]; thick walled; medullary cells large in size and thin- Phitsanulok [Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, 1624 walled. Leaves heteromorphic, complanate, widely m, 9 July 2015, Juengprayoon 552, 556, 559, 573 spreading, somewhat rugose when dry, straight when (BKF, PSU)]; NORTH-EASTERN: Loei [Man Dang moist; lateral leaves large, ovate to oblong, 4.2–5.0 Waterfall, 1615 m, 9 Dec. 2013, Chantanaorrapint mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide, apices broadly acute, & Promma 3422 (PSU); Phu Luang Wildlife margins coarsely dentate in upper half with strongly Sanctuary, 1151 m, 5 July 2015, Juengprayoon 474 toothed, distinctly bordered all around with 3–4 rows (PSU); 1517 m, 6 July 2015, Poopath 1165, 1166, of linear cells, costa short and forked, 0.5–1.0 mm 1171, 1173, 1177, 1192 (BKF, PSU)]; SOUTH- long at leaf base; dorsal and ventral leaves smaller WESTERN: Prachuap Khiri Khan [Huai Yang than lateral leaves, mostly broadly ovate to elliptic, Waterfall National Park, 1072 m, 3 Mar. 2016, 2.5–3.5 mm long, 1.3–1.7 mm wide; apices broadly Chantanaorrapint et al.109 (PSU)]; PENINSULAR: acute, margins weakly dentate in upper half. Leaf Nakhorn Si Thammarat [Khao Nan National Park, cells large in size, thin walled, apical cells short Khao Nan Mt, 1000–1300 m, 21 Apr. 2007, hexagonal to rhomboidal, 80–125 × 20–35 µm; Chantanaorrapint 1622 (PSU); Khao Luang marginal and median cells oblong hexagonal to National Park, Khao Luang Mt, 4 Feb. 1966, Touw irregularly pentagonal, 100–150 × 25–45 µm; basal 11612 (L), 1308 m, 21 Apr. 2014, Juengprayoon cells oblong hexagonal to irregularly pentagonal, 115, 116A (PSU); 1484 m, 22 Apr. 2014, 140–180 × 25–50 µm. Juengprayoon 120, 121B, 122A, 124 (PSU); 1537 m, 22 Apr. 2014, Juengprayoon 126, 127A, 128, 129B Dioicous. Perigonial leaves, yellowish green, (PSU); 1403 m, 23 Apr. 2014, Juengprayoon 135A, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 0.8–1.2 mm long, 0.5–0.8 137A (PSU); 1264 m, 25 June 2015, Juengprayoon mm wide, acute, entire. Antheridia 600–650 µm 363, 364, 367 (PSU); 1326 m, 26 June 2015, long. Perichaetial leaves, yellowish green, narrowly Juengprayoon 390, 392, 396, 397, 411, 414, 415, 110 THAI FOREST BULLETIN (BOTANY) VOL. 44 NO. 2 Figure 1. Calyptrochaeta remotifolia (Müll.Hal.) Z.Iwats., B.C.Tan & Touw. A–B. Sterile gametophytes; C. Cross section of stem; D–E. Lateral leaves; F–H. Dorsal leaves; I. Leaf apex; J. Cells at leaf margin; K. Cells at median part of leaf; L. Cells at leaf base; M. Perigonial leaf; N. Antheridium (old); O. Perichaetial leaf; P. Sporophyte; Q. Part of exostome; R. Calyptra on a developing capsule; S. Gemmaphore. All from Juengprayoon 424 (PSU). Drawn by W. Juengprayoon. GENUS CALYPTROCHAETA (DALTONIACEAE, BRYOPHYTA) IN THAILAND (W. JUENGPRAYOON, B.-C. HO & S. CHANTANAORRAPINT) 111 422, 424, 427, 428A, 434, 442, 443B, 446 (PSU); Rhizoids dark reddish, dense on primary stems. Khao Ram Rom Mt, 945 m, 10 Feb. 2016, Primary stems short, creeping and tightly adherent Juengprayoon 722 (PSU), 10 Apr. 2016, to substrate. Foliate stems erect, 1.5–3.0 cm long, Juengprayoon 741 (PSU)]; Trang [Khao Chet Yot 0.25–0.4 cm wide with leaves, simple or branched, Mt, 1116 m, 21 May 2012, Chantanaorrapint & dark green to reddish brown, in cross section without Promma 1215A (BKF, PSU); 1067 m, 2 May 2014, central strand, 17–20 cells across, cortical cells 2–3 Juengprayoon 152 (PSU)]. layers, thick walled, medullary cells large in size Distribution.— India, Indonesia (Bali, Flores, and thin walled. Leaves heteromorphic, complanate, Java, Kalimantan, West Papua, Ceram and Sumatra), widely spreading, somewhat curved when dry, Malaysia (Malaya, Sabah, Sarawak), Papua New straight when moist; lateral leaves large, short ovate Guinea, Philippines and Thailand (Gangulee, 1977; to oblong, 2.2–3.5 mm long, 1.3–1.8 mm wide, Tan & Robinson, 1990; Mohamed & Robinson, apices broadly acute, margins dentate, bordered all 1991). around with 1–2 rows of linear cells, costa short and forked, 0.3–0.5 mm long at leaf base; dorsal and Habitat and ecology.— In Thailand, ventral leaves smaller than lateral leaves, mostly Calyptrochaeta remotifolia was found growing broadly ovate, 1.3–1.5 mm long, 1.0–1.2 mm wide, amongst other bryophytes such as Distichophyllum apices broadly acute, margins slightly dentate in cuspidatum (Dozy & Molk.) Dozy & Molk., upper half.