PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACT BOOK 56th Edition April 2005 published by American Public Transportation Association Richard A. White, Chair Ronald L. Barnes, First Vice Chair Paul P. Skoutelas, Secretary-Treasurer George F. Dixon III, Immediate Past Chair Vice Chairs Richard J. Bacigalupo Kim R. Green Joshua W. Shaw Mattie P. Carter John M. Inglish David L. Turney Michael P. DePallo William D. Lochte Kathryn D. Waters Nathaniel P. Ford, Sr. Gary W. McNeil Linda S. Watson Fred M. Gilliam Jeffrey A. Nelson President William W. Millar Chief of Staff Karol J. Popkin Vice Presidents Pamela L. Boswell Daniel Duff C. Samuel Kerns Anthony M. Kouneski Rosemary Sheridan produced by Member Services Department Information Services Group Larry H. Pham, Ph.D. Chief Economist and Director - Information Services prepared by: Damian Danchenko Statistical Analyst/Programmer i American Public Transportation Association 1666 K Street, N.W., Suite 1100 Washington, DC 20006 TELEPHONE: (202) 496-4800 FAX: (202) 496-4326 EMAIL: [email protected] WEB SITE: www.apta.com PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION FACT BOOK March 2005 International Standard Book Number: 1-931594-14-7 About APTA APTA is a nonprofit international association of over 1,500 public and private member organizations including transit systems and commuter rail operators; planning, design, construction and finance firms; product and service providers; academic institutions, transit associations and state departments of transportation. APTA members serve the public interest by providing safe, efficient and economical transit services and products. Over ninety percent of persons using public transportation in the United States and Canada are served by APTA members. APTA Vision Statement Be the leading force in advancing public transportation. APTA Mission Statement APTA serves and leads its diverse membership through advocacy, innovation, and information sharing to strengthen and expand public transportation. ii Contents For an alphabetical list of subjects, refer to the index beginning on page 110. NOTES iv LIST OF TABLES v PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION OVERVIEW viii INTRODUCTION & GENERAL INFORMATION Federal Legislation 1 History 7 National Summary 9 NATIONAL SERVICE & OPERATING DATA Passengers 13 Service Operated 17 Vehicles 19 Employees 23 Energy and Environment 26 Safety and Security 30 NATIONAL FINANCIAL DATA Capital Expenses 36 Capital Funding 39 Operating Expenses 42 Operating Funding 46 MODE DATA Bus and Trolleybus National Total Data 50 Transit Agency Data 59 Demand Response National Total Data 67 Transit Agency Data 72 Ferryboat National Total Data 77 Transit Agency Data 79 Rail National Total Data 81 Transit Agency Data 94 Vanpool National Total Data 101 Transit Agency Data 105 CANADIAN DATA 107 INDEX 110 iii Notes The Public Transportation Fact Book (formerly the Transit Fact Book) was first published in 1943. Available data are expanded by standard statistical methods to estimate U.S. national totals. All data are for the U.S. only, except for the section on Canada. Data for Canada were provided by the Canadian Urban Transit Association (CUTA). This book includes only public transportation data and excludes taxicab, unregulated jitney, school, sightseeing, intercity, charter, military, and non-public service (e.g., governmental and corporate shuttles), and special application systems (e.g., amusement parks, airports, and the following types of ferry service: international, rural, rural interstate, island and urban park). Data are based on the annual National Transit Database (NTD) report published by the United States Government's Federal Transit Administration (FTA). APTA supplements these data with special surveys. Where applicable, data are calculated based on 2000 U.S. Census Bureau urbanized area population categories. Because data are reported to the NTD based on transit agency fiscal years rather than calendar years, data listed for a particular year are necessarily extrapolations of the sum of data reported for all fiscal years ending in a particular calendar year. All Canadian data are based on calendar years. The number of employees is based on the actual number of persons at the end of the fiscal year. Prior to 1993, the number of employees is based on the concept of employee equivalents where each employee equivalent is equal to 2,080 labor hours. Data are not continuous between 1992 and 1993. Federal government funding data are based on reports prepared by the United States Department of Transportation. Because of the time required to compile the large amount of data for this book, data for the last fiscal year reported are preliminary and will be refined when additional data become available. Many of the tables in this book will be updated prior to the next edition. See the statistics section of APTA's web site, www.apta.com, under the appropriate subject for updated data. iv ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT List of Tables 34. Electric Power Consumption by Mode 27 35. Fossil Fuel Consumption by Mode 27 INTRODUCTION 36. Non-diesel Fossil Fuel Consumption by Fuel 28 37. Examples of Fuel Savings to a Person HISTORY Commuting to Work on Public Transportation 28 1. Milestones in U.S. Public Transportation History 7 38. Major Power Source Efficiency 28 39. Energy Efficiency of Public Transportation NATIONAL SUMMARY and Personal Vehicles 29 2. Number of Transit Agencies by Mode 9 40. Emissions by Public Transportation and 3. National Totals, Fiscal Year 2003 10 Personal Vehicles 29 4. 20 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Trips, Fiscal Year 2003 11 SAFETY AND SECURITY 5. 20 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by 41. Fatality Rates by Mode of Travel, 1998-2000 31 Number of Active Vehicles, Fiscal Year 2003 11 42. Fatalities by Mode 31 6. 20 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by 43. Injuries by Mode 32 Vehicle Revenue Miles, Fiscal Year 2003 12 44. Personal Casualty Injuries by Mode 32 7. 20 Largest Transit Agencies Ranked by 45. Collisions by Mode 32 Passenger Miles, Fiscal Year 2003 12 46. Derailments/Buses Going Off Road by Mode 33 47. Fires by Mode 33 SERVICE AND OPERATING DATA 48. Property Damage by Mode 33 PASSENGERS 49. Security Incidents by Mode, 2001 35 8. Unlinked Passenger Trips by Mode 14 50. Violent Security Incidents by Mode 35 9. Average Weekday Unlinked Passenger Trips 51. Non-violent Security Incidents by Mode 35 by Mode, 2003 14 10. Average Unlinked Trip Length by Mode, 2003 14 11. Passenger Miles by Mode 14 FINANCIAL DATA 12. Annual Unlinked Passenger Trips and CAPITAL EXPENSES Passenger Miles for Urbanized Areas 52. Capital Expense by Mode 38 Over 1,000,000 Population, 2003 15 53. Capital Expense by Type 38 13. Gender of Passengers by Population Group 15 54. Capital Expense by Mode and Type, 2003 38 14. Disabled Passengers by Population Group 15 15. Age of Passengers by Population Group 16 CAPITAL FUNDING 16. Annual Family Income of Passengers by 55. Capital Funding Sources 39 Population Group 16 56. Federal Public Transportation Appropriations, 17. Ethnicity and Race of Passengers by Fiscal Years 1999-2005 40 Population Group 16 57. Federal Capital and Planning Grant Approvals 18. Purpose of Trips by Population Group 16 by Use 40 58. Federal Capital and Planning Grant Approvals SERVICE OPERATED by Source Program 41 19. Vehicle Miles Operated by Mode 18 59. Flexible Highway Funds Transferred to Public 20. Vehicle Hours Operated by Mode 18 Transportation 41 21. Average Vehicle Speed in Revenue Service 60. Average Annual Capital Cost to Improve Public by Mode, 2003 18 Transportation Physical Conditions and Service 22. Vehicle Revenue Miles and Vehicle Revenue Performance, 2001-2020 41 Hours by Mode, 2003 18 OPERATING EXPENSES VEHICLES 61. Operating Expense by Function Class 44 23. Average Vehicle Age by Mode, 2004 19 62. Operating Expense by Object Class 44 24. Average Vehicle Length by Mode, 2004 19 63. Operating Expense for 2003 by Function 25. Revenue Vehicles by Mode 20 and Object Class 45 26. Accessible Vehicles by Mode, 2004 20 64. Operating Expense by Mode 45 27. Alternative Power Vehicles by Mode, 2004 21 28. Revenue Vehicle Power Sources 21 OPERATING FUNDING 29. New Passenger Vehicles Delivered by Mode 22 65. Average Passenger Fare Per Unlinked 30. New Buses and Demand Response Vehicles Passenger Trip by Mode, 2003 47 Delivered by Length 22 66. Operating Funding Sources 47 67. Passenger Fares by Mode 48 EMPLOYEES 68. Passenger Fares Summary 48 31. Operating Employees by Mode 24 69. Examples of Cost of Riding Public 32. Employees by Function 24 Transportation 49 33. Employee Compensation 25 70. Automobile Driving Costs, 2004 49 v 100. Demand Response Vehicle Power Sources, MODE DATA 2004 71 BUS AND TROLLEYBUS 101. New Demand Response Vehicle Market by NATIONAL TOTAL DATA Power Source, 2003-2008 71 71. Average New Bus and Trolleybus Costs, 102. Demand Response Power Source Efficiency 71 2003-2004 50 103. Demand Response Fuel Consumption 71 72. Bus and Trolleybus National Totals, Fiscal TRANSIT AGENCY DATA Year 2003 51 104. 20 Largest Demand Response Transit 73. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Agencies Ranked by Unlinked Passenger Manufacturer, 2003-2008 52 Trips, Fiscal Year 2003 72 74. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Type, 105. 20 Largest Demand Response Transit 2003-2008 54 Agencies Ranked by Number of Revenue 75. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Length, Vehicles, Fiscal Year 2003 72 2003-2008 54 106. 20 Largest Demand Response Transit 76. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Seating Agencies Ranked by Vehicle Revenue Miles, Capacity, 2003-2008 54 Fiscal Year 2003 73 77. Bus and Trolleybus Accessibility, 2004 55 107. 20 Largest Demand Response Transit 78. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Agencies Ranked by Passenger Miles, Accessibility, 2003-2008 56 Fiscal Year 2003 73 79. Bus and Trolleybus Power Sources 56 108. Major Transit Agency Demand Response 80. Bus Power Sources 56 Service and Usage Data, Fiscal Year 2003 74 81. New Bus and Trolleybus Market by Power 109.