Geological Survey Division Illustrations Figure 1. Index map of Michigan Basin and contiguous structural Report of Investigation 22 areas.. .................................................................................4 Figure 2. Chart showing the general relationship of western and STRATIGRAPHIC CROSS SECTIONS EXTENDING eastern Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian formations in Michigan. .......................................................4 FROM DEVONIAN ANTRIM SHALE TO Figure 3. Index map showing network of Cross Sections A, B, C, MISSISSIPPIAN SUNBURY SHALE IN THE D, E, and F........................................................................10 MICHIGAN BASIN Figure 4. Portion of gamma ray log curve from The Dow Chemical Company No. 1 Rhoburn well, Sanilac County .12 Figure 5. Orientation and trend of Cross Section B..................13 Topical Report Figure 6. Orientation and trend of Cross Section F..................15 By Figure 7. Orientation and trend of Cross Section C..................16 Figure 8. Orientation and trend of Cross Section D..................18 Garland D. Ells Figure 9. Orientation and trend of Cross Section E..................19 Figure 10. Orientation and trend of Cross Section A................20 Lansing, Michigan 1979 Appendices A – F. Gamma ray log data for Cross Sections A through F Contents See accompanying PDF G. Cross reference to wells appearing on one or more cross Contents.............................................................................1 sections.....................................................................................24 PREFACE..........................................................................1 H. The Dow Chemical Company No. 1 Rhoburn well core ABSTRACT........................................................................2 descriptions...............................................................................24 Introduction ........................................................................2 I. Lithologic description, C. J. Simpson No. 1 Lindeman ...........26 Michigan Basin...................................................................2 J. Lithologic description, Texaco, Inc. No. 1 Scott.....................26 Purpose of the Investigation ..............................................3 Discussion of Formations ..................................................3 Traverse Group formations. ...........................................3 Antrim Shale...................................................................4 STRATIGRAPHIC CROSS SECTIONS EXTENDING Ellsworth Shale. .............................................................5 FROM DEVONIAN ANTRIM SHALE TO Intertonguing of Ellsworth-Antrim Shales.......................6 MISSISSIPPI SUNBURY SHALE IN THE MICHIGAN Bedford Shale. ...............................................................6 Berea Sandstone. ..........................................................7 BASIN Sunbury Shale................................................................7 Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone and Sunbury Shale...7 Coldwater Red Rock. .....................................................7 PREFACE Oil and Gas Zones.............................................................8 Antrim-Ellsworth. ............................................................8 This report was originally prepared for The Dow Chemical Berea Sandstone. ..........................................................8 Company as a part of an oil shale research project of Coldwater Red Rock. .....................................................8 significance to Michigan and the nation. The project, Scope of the Investigation .................................................8 conducted by The Dow Chemical Company under U.S. Previous Investigations......................................................9 Department of Energy Contract No. EX-76-C-01-2346, is a Use of Gamma Ray Logs in Stratigraphic Cross Sections program designed to test the feasibility of in situ .........................................................................................10 processing of the Antrim Shale to produce energy values. Gamma Ray-Neutron Logs. .........................................10 The report covers one of numerous investigations Orientation of cross sections........................................10 conducted to help achieve the objectives of the oil shale Construction of cross sections. ....................................11 research program. The Antrim Shale is a definite and Correlations......................................................................11 useable source of natural gas at the present time, and a General Discussion of Cross Sections ............................13 potential source of tremendous volumes of liquid Cross Section B. ..........................................................13 hydrocarbons if they can be freed from their rock matrix. Cross Section F............................................................15 Report of Investigation 22 is intended as a useful aid to Cross Section C. ..........................................................16 the understanding of the Antrim Shale to Sunbury Shale Cross Section D. ..........................................................18 sequence as shown by gamma ray log characteristics of Cross Section E. ..........................................................19 this rock interval in the Michigan Basin. Cross Section A. ..........................................................21 The stratigraphic cross sections which accompanied the Summary..........................................................................21 original report have been reduced to half size for use in References.......................................................................22 this publication. The vertical scale for the gamma ray log curves is % inch = 100 feet rather than 1 inch = 100 feet as indicated on the individual cross section parts. Garland D. Ells Report of Investigation 22 – Page 1 of 27 Geologist than 60 years ago (Smith, 1912, pp. 258-59). Subsurface & Petroleum Geology Unit In Michigan a program is underway to test the feasibility of Oil and Gas Section in situ processing of Antrim Shale to produce energy GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DIVISION values. To achieve this objective the program consists of four tasks, two of which are principally field investigations ABSTRACT and two of which are basic support studies. One of the support studies deals with shale characterization. An The Devonian shales of the eastern United States are a important element of this study is to provide stratigraphic potential source for tremendous volumes of liquid and cross sections of the Antrim Shale and its equivalent rocks gaseous hydrocarbons. The Antrim Shale of Michigan is a in the Michigan Basin. Over part of the Basin, the black part of this extensive body of rock. The bituminous and Antrim shales interfinger with a lithologically different combustible nature of lower Antrim Shale beds have been shale. The upper part of this Antrim Shale equivalent is known for over 100 years. In Michigan a program is thought to be of Mississippian age. The sequence is underway to test the feasibility of in situ processing of further complicated in a part of the Basin by lithologically Antrim Shale to produce energy values. To help achieve similar black shales of Mississippian age which this objective, and as a part of the Shale Characterization immediately overlie black Antrim shales. The stratigraphic Program, stratigraphic cross sections showing the Antrim cross sections, based on gamma ray logs, thus cover Shale and associated formations have been constructed several formations ranging in age from Upper Devonian to for various parts of the Michigan Basin. The cross Lower Mississippian. sections are constructed from gamma ray logs. The stratigraphic interval encompassing the Devonian The principal formations shown on the stratigraphic black shales includes several formations and extends from sections include the Antrim Shale of Devonian age, the the base of the Antrim Shale upward to the top of the Ellsworth Shale which correlates primarily with the Antrim black Sunbury Shale considered to be of Mississippian Shale but whose uppermost part appears to correlate with age. The interval involves two depositional regions within parts of certain formations of Mississippian age, and the the Michigan Basin. In the eastern part of the Basin, the Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone and Sunbury Shale of Antrim Shale is overlain, in ascending order, by the eastern Michigan. The Bedford Shale immediately Bedford Shale, Berea Sandstone and Sunbury Shale. overlies the Antrim in eastern Michigan. Except for the Traced westward, the upper part of the eastern Antrim basal few feet of section which may be Devonian, the merges with the lithologically dissimilar Ellsworth Shale; Bedford is considered as Mississippian in age. the Bedford Shale and Berea Sandstone thin westward Formations superjacent to the Bedford (the Berea and merge as a thin unit into the upper part of the Sandstone and Sunbury Shale) are Mississippian in age. Ellsworth Shale. The Sunbury Shale also thins and is Regional cross sections constructed from gamma ray logs absent in some parts of western Michigan. The offer a more practical and more precise illustration of the stratigraphic sequence of formations in the western part of stratigraphic associations of these Devonian and the Basin have thus been defined, in ascending order, as Mississippian formations in the