Issue 16 1st Issue 2018 ISSN: 2242-441X nmiotc Maritime Interdiction Operations Journal The use of Simulation in Collective Training for Maritime Interdiction Operations Clausewitz’s “Wonderful Trinity” of War in st TRAINING CENTRE TRAINING the 21 Century: A Commentary on the use of Artifcial Intelligence in Modern Warfare Disaster Relief Operation and Gender Perspectives SAURON Real-life Scenario: A Terrorist NATO MARITIME INTERDICTION OPERATIONAL NATO MARITIME INTERDICTION Coordinated Attack in a EU Port 9th NMIOTC Annual Conference Food for Thought Paper 1 NATO Maritime Interdiction Operational Training Centre 3rd Conference on Cyber Security in the Maritime Domain 10 - 11 April 2019 2 C O N T E N T S nmiotc COMMANDANT'S EDITORIAL MARITIME INTERDICTION Editorial by Stelios Kostalas OPERATIONS Commodore GRC (N) JOURNAL 4 Commadant NMIOTC MARITIME SECURITY Director Commodore S. Kostalas GRC (N) The use of Simulation in Collective Training for Maritime Interdiction Operations Commandant NMIOTC 6 by James Rapp, Senior Advisor, CAE Defence & Security SAURON Real-life Scenario: Executive Director A Terrorist Coordinated Attack in a European Union Port Captain R. Lapira ITA (N) 22 by Ph.D.(c) Eleni-Maria Kalogeraki, Dr. Spyridon Papastergiou, Director of Training Support Associate Professor Nineta Polemi, Professor Christos Douligeris 9th NMIOTC Annual Conference 28 Food for Thought Paper Editor by NMIOTC Commander P. Batsos GRC (N) Head of Transformation Section TECHNOLOGICAL ISSUES st Clausewitz’s “Wonderful Trinity” of War in the 21 Century: Layout Production A Commentary on the use of Artifcial Intelligence in Modern Warfare Lieutenant JG I. Giannelis GRC (N) 11 by George Kiourktsoglou Lecturer, University of Greenwich, London Journal Assistant Editor GENDER ISSUES Disaster Relief Operation and Gender Perspectives 18 by Cdr Junko Kawashima, Japan Maritime Self Defence Force The views expressed in this HIGH VISIBILITY EVENTS issue reflect the opinions of the authors, and do not nec- essarily represent NMIOTC's 31 or NATO’s official positions. NMIOTC TRAINING All content is subject to Greek Copyright Legislation. Pictures used from the web are not subject to copyright 39 restrictions. You may send your comments to: [email protected] 3 NMIOTC Commandant’s Editorial This year’s NMIOTC Annual Confer- see all the instability, the violence to aiming at creating a safer and better ence coincided with a very significant the south of our Alliance: Iraq, Syria, world. date, the anniversary of the World War the Middle East, North Africa”. (Ad- II landing in Normandy - Operation dress by NATO Secretary General NATO’s adaptation, commitments for Overlord, which was the most com- Jens Stoltenberg to the NATO Parlia- projection of stability, and implemen- plex amphibious operation ever to be mentary Assembly, Warsaw, Poland, tation of the initiatives post Brussels undertaken. The largest naval, air and May 2018). (22 February 2005) and Warsaw (8-9 land operation in history of mankind. July 2016) Summits, call for opportu- At this pivotal time, we need to be nities for training for the Allies along Seventy four years have passed since strong and continue to adapt our col- with their five Enhanced Opportunities then and the security environment has lective efforts aligning them with those Partners (Georgia, Sweden, Finland, fundamentally changed. The Alliance of the international community’s to Australia and Jordan). Training is per- faces an arc of instability and insecu- project stability, ensuring deterrence, ceived as soft power, low profile, low rity along its periphery and beyond: defense and Maritime Security. The intensity, high efficiency, long endur- challenges and threats originate from challenge in the south provides an op- ance engagement and under this con- both, the east and the south. “We don’t portunity to enhance regional under- cept will only strengthen cooperation only see a more assertive Russia; we standing and situational awareness, between NATO, the European Union 4 and the broader international commu- tance to our values, principles and Kalogeraki, Dr. Spyridon Papaster- nity of interest for Maritime Security norms and transmits widely, a signifi- giou, Associate Professor Nineta Po- Operations. cant message for our contribution to lemi and Professor Christos Douligeris the Alliance in regards to supporting present the “SAURON real-life Sce- Our societies are societies of values, security in the maritime environment. nario: a Terrorist Coordinated Attack in including individual liberty and pros- a European Union Port”. perity, human rights, democracy and The first article of our journal present- the rule of law. These shared values ed by Mr James Rapp CB addresses Having said that allow me to highlight are essential to what we do. Not only “The Use of Simulation in Collective the NMIOTC Cyber Security confer- we share the same principles, but we Training for Maritime Interdiction Op- ence next April is the ongoing com- are dedicated in and unified to the erations / A White Paper for the NATO mitment of NMIOTC to tackle the common effort to stand up for those. Maritime Interdiction Operational cyber security issues in the Maritime The importance of carefully balance Training Centre”. It is followed by an Environment, an area and a topic that between East and South sets a seri- interesting take of Mr George Kiourkt- will dominate our efforts intensively, ous burden on us, here in NMIOTC for soglou on “Clausewitz’s ‘Wonderful at least for the next decade. It will be a simple reason; we lay at the South- Trinity’ of War in the 21st Century: A another stepping stone for NMIOTC to east side of the Alliance’s footprint Commentary on the use of Artificial engage with the international commu- and we are committed to dedicate our Intelligence in Modern Warfare”. Cdr nity to create opportunities for a better capacity and potential to provide train- Junko Kawashima of Japan Maritime understanding and to support the cy- ing to those involved with MSO Tasks. Self Defence Force focuses upon the ber security at sea that will eventually The presence of Alliance’s ships and “Disaster Relief Operation and Gender reduce potential cyber threats to the teams here in NMIOTC, is considered Perspectives”. Finally, we have a four international maritime community for by us as commitment of high impor- authors’ article, Ph.D.(c) Eleni-Maria the years to come. Stelios Kostalas Commodore GRC (N) Commadant NMIOTC 5 MARITIME SECURITY The Use of Simulation in Collective Training for Maritime Interdiction Operations by James Rapp Senior Advisor, CAE Defence & Security 1 Introduction needed which considers how best to flexibility for multi-faceted missions. deliver every element of training from Highly automated onboard systems As NATO acknowledged when estab- individual to collective. This paper does are also leading to smaller ships’ crews. lishing its Maritime Interdiction Op- not address how industry can assist These factors are driving change in erational Training Centre (NMIOTC), in the delivery of an Integrated Train- onboard routines, and demanding maritime interdiction operations (MIO) ing Solution, but a summary of CAE’s operational programmes are also can be multifaceted and may also in- methodology is included as an Annex. reducing the time available for training volve the full spectrum of maritime onboard. These factors are especially warfare. In many cases, there will be 2 The Training Challenge significant when looking to maintain a complex geopolitical situation to perishable skills and when scheduling add to the challenge confronting the 2.1 The Wider Training Challenge collective training for disciplines that command. All this adds to the impor- are not routinely required. tance of suitable education and train- Upgrading existing naval fleets ing. As a training centre for MIO, the with complex ships, aircraft and Many new warships are designed to NMIOTC plays an important role in weapon systems brings with it the deploy for long periods and the practice the development of doctrine and pro- challenge of providing realistic cost- of exchanging crews in theatre rather cedures and in preparing ship’s teams effective training, while at the same than rotating ships is increasing. Under through a mix of classroom instruc- time maximizing the availability of this operating pattern, naval training tion, some simulation and live training. personnel for frontline service. Added needs to provide readily available and Live training is important but has its pressures arise from the increasingly flexible shore and ship based training limitations, and can also be difficult to intricate and uncertain nature of the media, to enable effective training and achieve within a ship’s programme. operating environment, including for to keep the crew prepared for current This paper considers the use of simu- MIO. and upcoming missions. lation in collective training for MIO, and how industry can help provide cost Modern warships are technically 2.2 The MIO Training Challenge effective, flexible training solutions. complex. Some are specialized for a In assessing how training is best un- designated warfare role but may also Prior to entering an operational dertaken, an integrated approach is have modular components to give theatre to conduct MIO, most navies 6 recognise the benefit of undertaking solution. LVC(T) links live and virtual • Wide area networks to allow focused collective training in scenarios training and then adds computer communication