01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page iii The British Monarchy FOR DUMmIES‰ by Philip Wilkinson 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page ii 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page i The British Monarchy FOR DUMmIES‰ 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page ii 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page iii The British Monarchy FOR DUMmIES‰ by Philip Wilkinson 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page iv The British Monarchy For Dummies® Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd The Atrium Southern Gate Chichester West Sussex PO19 8SQ England Email (for orders and customer service enquires): [email protected] Visit our Home Page on www.wiley.co.uk or www.wiley.com Copyright © 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, West Sussex, England. All Rights Reserved. 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All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: WHILE THE PUBLISHER AND AUTHOR HAVE USED THEIR BEST EFFORTS IN PREPARING THIS BOOK, THEY MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WAR- RANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES REPRESENTA- TIVES OR WRITTEN SALES MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR YOUR SITUATION. YOU SHOULD CONSULT WITH A PROFESSIONAL WHERE APPRO- PRIATE. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CON- SEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN-13: 978-0-470-05681-3 ISBN-10: 0-470-05681-9 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bell & Bain, Ltd, Glasgow 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page v About the Author Philip Wilkinson was educated at Oxford University, after which he worked as an editor for various publishers in Britain. For the last 15 years or so, he has been a full-time writer specializing in history, the arts, and heritage. He has written books on these subjects for adults and for children, and his titles include What the Romans Did For Us, which accompanied the BBC television series presented by Adam Hart-Davis, the award-winning Amazing Buildings, and The English Buildings Book. He lives in the Cotswolds with his wife and son. 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page vi 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page vii Author’s Acknowledgements I would like to thank Philip Hughes, David Boardman, and Michael Fisher for their advice, Zoë Brooks for her encouragement, my literary agent Isabel Atherton for her help, and the editorial team at John Wiley (especially Samantha Clapp, Rachael Chilvers, and Kelly Ewing) for their hard work on my text. 01_056819 ffirs.qxp 11/3/06 10:18 AM Page viii Publisher’s Acknowledgements We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our Dummies online registration form located at www.dummies.com/register/. Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following: Acquisitions, Editorial, and Composition Services Media Development Project Coordinator: Jennifer Theriot Development Editor: Kelly Ewing Layout and Graphics: Lavonne Cook, Project Editor: Rachael Chilvers Stephanie D. Jumper Content Editor: Steve Edwards Proofreaders: Jessica Kramer, Susan Moritz Commissioning Editor: Samantha Clapp Indexer: Techbooks Proofreader: Anne O’Rorke Technical Reviewer: Sean Lang Executive Project Editor: Martin Tribe Executive Editor: Jason Dunne Cartoons: Rich Tennant (www.the5thwave.com) Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director, Consumer Dummies Kristin A Cocks, Product Development Director, Consumer Dummies Michael Spring, Vice President and Publisher, Travel Kelly Regan, Editorial Director, Travel Publishing for Technology Dummies Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General User Composition Services Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services 02_056819 ftoc.qxp 11/3/06 10:30 AM Page ix Contents at a Glance Introduction .................................................................1 Part I: All About the Monarchy......................................9 Chapter 1: Ruling Principles ...........................................................................................11 Chapter 2: How the Monarchy Works............................................................................23 Part II: Early Rulers....................................................35 Chapter 3: Mini-Kingdoms...............................................................................................37 Chapter 4: England United ..............................................................................................51 Chapter 5: Danes versus Saxons ....................................................................................67 Part III: The Middle Ages ............................................79 Chapter 6: Conquering Kings..........................................................................................81 Chapter 7: Plantagenet Power Struggles .......................................................................97 Chapter 8: More Plantagenets.......................................................................................111 Chapter 9: Lancaster and York: Fighting Families......................................................131 Part IV: The Kings of Scotland...................................149 Chapter 10: Picts, Scots, and Others ...........................................................................151 Chapter 11: Troublesome English, Troublesome Islanders ......................................173 Chapter 12: The Stewart Story .....................................................................................187 Part V: Kingdoms United: Tudors, Stuarts, and Hanoverians.......................................................207 Chapter 13: The Tudors: The Monarchy Triumphs ...................................................209 Chapter 14: The Stuarts.................................................................................................231 Chapter 15: The House of Hanover ..............................................................................253 Part VI: Modern Royals: The House of Windsor............277 Chapter 16: Monarchs at War .......................................................................................279 Chapter 17: Thoroughly Modern Monarch: Elizabeth II............................................297 Chapter 18: The Prince of Wales...................................................................................315 Part VII: The Part of Tens..........................................331 Chapter 19: Ten Royal Homes.......................................................................................333 Chapter 20: Ten or So Royal Places .............................................................................341 02_056819 ftoc.qxp 11/3/06 10:30 AM Page x Chapter 21: Ten Princes of Wales.................................................................................349 Chapter 22: Ten or So Charismatic Consorts..............................................................355 Index .......................................................................363 02_056819 ftoc.qxp 11/3/06 10:30 AM Page xi Table of Contents Introduction..................................................................1 About This Book...............................................................................................1 Conventions Used in This Book .....................................................................2 What You’re Not to Read.................................................................................3 Foolish Assumptions .......................................................................................3 How This Book Is Organised...........................................................................3 Part I: All About the Monarchy.............................................................4 Part II: Early Rulers ................................................................................4