1111 22221 Urban and Regional 3 4 Technology Planning 5 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 Urban and Regional Technology Planning focuses on the practice of relational 4 planning and the stimulation of local city-regional scale development planning 5 in the context of the global knowledge economy and network society. Kenneth 6 Corey and Mark Wilson explore the dynamics of technology-induced change 7 that is taking place across many cities and regions as information society 8 evolves. The book reveals to the reader the new local and regional planned 9 development opportunities and potential of the global knowledge economy, 20111 laying special emphasis on the practicalities of the ALERT Model constructed 1 by Corey and Wilson. This model suggests that local community stakeholders 2 must raise their consciousness about the competitive position of the planning 3 region in the global knowledge economy before local planners can engage in 4 effective development planning today. Corey and Wilson focus their model on 5 digital development and propose ways that representatives of the region can 6 strategize for future intelligent development. Local and regional actor activa- 7 tion, empowerment and creativity are central to successful plan implementation 8 under the ALERT Model. 9 30111 Kenneth E. Corey is Professor in the Department of Geography and the Urban 1 and Regional Planning Program of Michigan State University. 2 3 Mark I. Wilson is Associate Professor in the Urban and Regional Planning 4 Program of the School of Planning, Design and Construction and the 5 Department of Geography at Michigan State University, and also serves as a 6 research economist with the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research at 7 MSU. 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111p The Networked Cities Series Series Editors: Richard E. Hanley New York City College of Technology, City University of New York, US Steve Graham Department of Geography, Durham University, UK Simon Marvin SURF, Salford University, UK From the earliest times, people settling in cities devised clever ways of moving things: the materials they needed to build shelters, the water and food they needed to survive, the tools they needed for their work, the armaments they needed for their protection – and ultimately, themselves. Twenty-first century urbanites are still moving things about, but now they employ networks to facili- tate that movement – and the things they now move include electricity, capital, sounds, and images. The Networked Cities Series has as its focus these local, global, physical, and virtual urban networks of movement. It is designed to offer scholars, prac- titioners, and decision-makers studies on the ways cities, technologies, and multiple forms of urban movement intersect and create the contemporary urban environment. Mobile Technologies of the City Edited by Mimi Sheller and John Urry The Network Society A New Context for Planning Edited by Louis Albrechts and Seymour Mandelbaum Moving People, Goods and Information in the 21st Century The Cutting-Edge Infrastructures of Networked Cities Edited by Richard E. Hanley Digital Infrastructures Enabling Civil and Environmental Systems Through Information Technology Edited by Rae Zimmerman and Thomas Horan Sustaining Urban Networks The Social Diffusion of Large Technical Systems Edited by Olivier Coutard, Richard E. Hanley, and Rae Zimmerman 1111 22221 3 4 5 Urban and Regional 6 7 8 Technology Planning 9 1011 Planning Practice in the Global 1 2 Knowledge Economy 3111 4 5 6 7 Kenneth E. Corey and 8 9 Mark I. Wilson 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 I~ ~~o~;~;n~~~up 3 4 LONDON AND NEW YORK 45111p First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2006 Kenneth E. Corey and Mark I. Wilson Typeset in Times New Roman by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license. Every effort has been made to ensure that the advice and information in this book is true and accurate at the time of going to press. However, neither the publisher nor the authors can accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. In the case of drug administration, any medical procedure or the use of technical equipment mentioned within this book, you are strongly advised to consult the manufacturer’s guidelines. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Corey, Kenneth E. Urban and regional technology planning: planning practice in the global knowledge economy / Kenneth E. Corey and Mark I. Wilson p. cm. – (The networked cities series) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Information technology – Economic aspects. 2. Knowledge management – Government policy. 3. Infrastructure (Economics) I. Wilson, Mark I. II. Title. III. Series. HC79.I55C675 2006 2005028735 303.48′33–dc22 ISBN13: 978–0–415–70140–2 (hbk) ISBN13: 978–0–415–70141–4 (pbk) 1111 22221 3 4 5111 6 7 8 9 1011 In memory 1 Jean Gottmann Gill-Chin Lim 2 3111 4 5 For Marie, Jeff, Jen and Paul 6 For Lisa, Andrew and Kate 7 8 To our fathers, Ken and Ian 9 20111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40111 1 2 3 4 45111p 1111 22221 3 4 5222 CONTENTS 6 7 8 9 1011 1 2 3111 LIST OF FIGURES xii 4 5 PREFACE xiii 6 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiv 7 8 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 9 20111 1 PART I Change 5 2 Introduction 7 3 4 The Knowledge Economy 12 5 Structural Change 14 6 Industry 14 7 Occupation 15 8 Education 17 9 30111 The Role of Information and Communication Technology 19 1 Access to ICT 21 2 Information Technology Infrastructure 23 3 Responding to ICT 27 4 Place, Space and ICT 30 5 6 Issues for the Knowledge Economy 32 7 Conclusion 34 8 9 40111 PART II Concepts 35 1 2 Key Concepts and their Roots 37 3 From Digital Development to Intelligent Development 37 4 Digital Development 38 45111p Intelligent Development 38 vii Contents Background for Relational Conceptualizing – The Legacy of Jean Gottmann 38 Challenges 40 Challenges for the Practice of Planning Today and Tomorrow 40 The Challenge of the Need for the Integration of Spatial and Socio-economic Planning 40 The Challenge of the Need for Planning Theories to Meet the Needs of Planning Practitioners 41 The Challenge of the Need to Rejustify Government Intervention 42 The Challenge of Creating a New Mindset for Planning 42 Concept to Action 44 Actions for Planners to Take 44 Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks for New Planning Practice 44 Relations and Processes: The e-Business Spectrum as a Functionally-based Organizing Framework 45 Production Functions 47 Consumption Functions 48 Amenity and Quality-of-Life Factors 49 Space and Time: Moving Theory into Planning Practice 52 Space: Working Composite Spatial Construct of Local Economic Development 53 Space: Theory Integration, Benchmarking and Measurement 54 Time: Relational Program Planning 57 Time: The Moment is Important in Planning Practice 58 Time: Path Dependence 59 Time: Evolution and Maturation 59 Timelessness 60 Future Time: Global Planning and Futures Context 60 Multiple Layers: A Spatial Relational Planning Framework Hierarchy 60 Power of Agency: Transforming Digital Development into Intelligent Development 63 Power of Agency: Development –The Values Imperative 63 Power of Agency: Mediating Power Layers and Planning Scenarios 64 Old and New Mindset 65 Some Lost Traditions of Planning 65 New Planning and Old Planning 66 PART III Context 69 Introduction 71 Context: The Three Global Technology-economic Regions 73 viii Contents 1111 North America 75 22221 Canada 75 3 Innovation Systems 76 4 Kitchener–Waterloo Region 78 5 Maritime Region 79 6 Difference and Similarity 80 7 United States 80 8 Your Region Is Not Silicon Valley 81 9 The Metropolitan Region of Portland, Oregon 82 1011 Michigan and its City-regions as a Surrogate for the United States 83 1 2 Eastern Asia 84 3111 4 Japan, Singapore and Asia 84 5 Eastern Asia: Evolution and Maturation 86 6 Latecomer Policies: The Case of Taiwan 87 7 Asian Relational Theory and Philosophy 88 8 Asia or Many Asias 89 9 20111 Western Europe 91 1 Skövde 92 2 Sophia Antipolis 92 3 Benevento 93 4 Lessons from Europe in Strategic Spatial Governance 93 5 Globalization Influences on Contemporary Planning Practice 94 6 7 8 PART IV ALERT: A Model for Regional and Local Planning 9 Practice in the Global Knowledge Economy 30111 and Network Society 97 1 2 Convergence in Place 99 3 From Digital Development to Intelligent Development 101 4 5 Relational Planning: The Conceptual and Organizational Basis 6 for Intelligent Development 101 7 What Do We Do Next? 101 8 Development 102 9 Digital Development 102 40111 Intelligent Development 102 1 Stakeholders: Actors and Roles 104 2 3 ALERT Model 108 4 Background to the ALERT Model 108 45111p Theory of the ALERT Model 108 ix Contents The Model 110 Awareness 112 Layers 114 e-Business Spectrum 126 Responsiveness 128 Talk 131 Beyond Talk: New Mindset, Governance, Practice, Equity, Surveys and Scenarios 134 From Actionable Knowledge to Willing Intentions into Realization 135 Surveys 136 Planning Scenarios 137 Cases of Planning Scenarios 139 Scenario 1: Planning Scenario for Training Regional and Local Planners in East Central Michigan 140 Charrette