ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACWA Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America Ambijan American Committee for the Settlement of Jews in Birobidjan Artef (Yiddish) Workers Theater Group (Arbeter Teater Farband) Comintern Communist (Third) International CPSU Communist Party of the Soviet Union CPUSA Communist Party of the United States of America FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation GEZERD (Yiddish) Association for the Settlement of Jewish Toilers on the Land (Alfarbandishe Gezelshaft farn Aynordenen Oyf Erd Arbetndike Yidn) ICOR (Yiddish) Association for Jewish Colonization in the Soviet Union (Gezelshaft far Yidishe Kolonizatsye in Ratn- Farband) ILGWU International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union ITO (Yiddish) Jewish Territorialist Organization (Yidishe Teritorialistishe Organizatsye) IWO International Workers Order (Internatsyonaler Arbeter Ordn) JAFC Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the Soviet Union (Yevreysky Antifashistsky Komitet) JAR Jewish Autonomous Region JPC Jewish Peoples Committee Joint American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee JPFO Jewish People’s Fraternal Order (Yidishn Fraternaln Folks-ordn) vii A BBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS KOMERD (Yiddish) Committee for the Settlement of Jewish Toilers on the Land (Komitet farn Aynordenen Oyf Erd Arbetndike Yidn) KOMZET (Russian) Committee for the Settlement of Jewish Toilers on the Land (Komitet po Zemel’nomu Ustroistvu Trudyaschikhsya Evre’ev) ORT World Union of Societies for Promotion of Artisanal and Agricultural Work Among the Jews (World ORT Union) OZET (Russian) Association for the Settlement of Jewish Toilers on the Land (Obschestvennyi Komitet po Zemel’nomy Ustroistvu Evreiskikh Trudyaschikhsya) Proletpen (Yiddish) Proletarian Writers Union (Proletarisher Shrayber Fareyn) UJA United Jewish Appeal USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics WC Workmen’s Circle (Arbeter Ring) Yevsektsiya (Russian) Jewish Section of the Soviet Communist Party (Yevreyskaya Sektsiya) YKUF World Jewish Cultural Union (Alveltlekher Yidisher Kultur Farband) viii.