Historic Landscape Management Characterisation Pilot Project Swaledale Yorkshire Dales National Park HLMC Pilot Project – Swaledale. Final report 1 The Historic Landscape Management Characterisation Pilot Project: Swaledale was carried out between April 2006 and April 2007 by the Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority. The project was funded by English Heritage through the Historic Environment Enabling Programme – Project Number 4668 MAIN. Copyright © Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority OS maps are reproduced under licence to Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority 100023740 2007 Contact: Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority, Yoredale, Bainbridge North Yorkshire DL8 3EL [email protected] Cover illustration: Reeth and Swaledale from the post-Roman bank and ditch on the flank of Harker Hill © YDNPA Internal title page illustrations: (top) Fremington Edge to the east of Reeth © YDNPA (bottom) An Upland Survey map of part of Fremington Edge showing historic environment information for a Countryside Stewardship agreement, 2004 © YDNPA HLMC Pilot Project – Swaledale. Final report 2 List of Contents Executive Summary 6 Preface 8 Acknowledgements 9 Abbreviations 10 List of Illustrations 11 Tables 14 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Background and context ..................................................................................... 15 1.2 Aims and Objectives ........................................................................................... 15 1.3 Project Area ........................................................................................................ 16 1.4 Methodology ....................................................................................................... 19 1.5 Non-technical summary of results....................................................................... 21 2 Historic Landscape managemEnt Characterisation ................................................... 22 2.1 Method Statement .............................................................................................. 22 2.1.1 The Tools..................................................................................................... 22 2.2 The HLMC GIS database.................................................................................... 23 2.2.1 HLMC polygon definition.............................................................................. 23 2.2.2 Designing the HLMC data base: fields, data type and description............... 25 2.3 Modern Land Management Types: Broad Types................................................ 65 2.3.1 Grouse Moor................................................................................................ 66 2.3.2 Moorland Fringe........................................................................................... 67 2.3.3 Pastoral Farming ......................................................................................... 68 2.3.4 Settlement ................................................................................................... 69 2.3.5 Woodland .................................................................................................... 70 2.3.6 Smallholding ................................................................................................ 70 2.3.7 Recreation ................................................................................................... 71 2.3.8 Ornamental.................................................................................................. 72 2.3.9 Water ........................................................................................................... 72 2.4 Modern Land Management Types: HLMC Sub Types........................................ 73 2.4.1 The development of Sub Types................................................................... 73 2.4.2 Grouse Moor................................................................................................ 75 2.4.3 Moorland Fringe........................................................................................... 77 2.4.4 Pastoral Farming ......................................................................................... 78 2.4.5 Settlement ................................................................................................... 79 2.4.6 Woodland .................................................................................................... 80 2.4.7 Smallholding ................................................................................................ 81 2.4.8 Recreation ................................................................................................... 82 2.4.9 Ornamental.................................................................................................. 82 2.4.10 Water ........................................................................................................... 83 2.5 The accommodation of previous historic land use and management within the HLMC GIS database ..................................................................................................... 84 2.5.1 An Alternative method - GIS overlays.......................................................... 84 2.6 Assessment of the Condition and Stability of the Historic Environment.............. 86 2.6.1 Sources: Uses and limitations ..................................................................... 86 3 Resolving the Condition and Stability information deficit: Characterisation and the development of Management Profiles............................................................................... 98 3.1 Developing Management Profiles for HLMC Types ............................................ 98 HLMC Pilot Project – Swaledale. Final report 3 3.1.1 Management issues for the built environment: standard texts and the creation of Management Profiles ............................................................................... 99 3.1.2 Management issues for Archaeology: standard texts and the creation of Management Profiles ............................................................................................... 104 4 HLMC Types and their expression in the Pilot Project Area..................................... 108 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 108 4.2 Grouse Moor HLMC Types ............................................................................... 108 4.2.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 113 4.2.2 Grouse Moor Sub Types............................................................................ 115 4.3 Moorland Fringe HLMC Types.......................................................................... 116 4.3.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 118 4.3.2 Moorland Fringe Sub Types ...................................................................... 119 4.4 Pastoral Farming HLMC Types......................................................................... 120 4.4.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 123 4.4.2 Pastoral Farming Sub Types ..................................................................... 125 4.5 Settlement HLMC Types................................................................................... 127 4.5.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 132 4.5.2 Settlement Sub Types ............................................................................... 133 4.6 Woodland HLMC Types.................................................................................... 135 4.6.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 137 4.6.2 Woodland Sub Types ................................................................................ 138 4.7 Smallholding HLMC Types ............................................................................... 139 4.7.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 139 4.7.2 Smallholding Sub Types ............................................................................ 139 4.8 Ornamental HLMC Type ................................................................................... 139 4.8.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 140 4.8.2 Ornamental Sub Type................................................................................ 140 4.9 Recreation HLMC Types................................................................................... 140 4.9.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 140 4.9.2 Recreation Sub Type ................................................................................. 141 4.10 Water HLMC Type ............................................................................................ 141 4.10.1 Management Profile................................................................................... 141 4.10.2 Water Sub Type......................................................................................... 142 5 Management Profiles for historic environment types ..............................................