Special Publication No. SP1983-002 Kodiak Island Area Local Fish and Game Resource Guide by Kodiak Area Native Assoication with assistance from Alaska Department of Fish and Game 1983 Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence Symbols and Abbreviations The following symbols and abbreviations, and others approved for the Système International d'Unités (SI), are used without definition in the reports by the Division of Subsistence. All others, including deviations from definitions listed below, are noted in the text at first mention, as well as in the titles or footnotes of tables, and in figure or figure captions. Weights and measures (metric) General Mathematics, statistics centimeter cm Alaska Administrative Code AAC all standard mathematical signs, symbols deciliter dL all commonly-accepted and abbreviations gram g abbreviations e.g., alternate hypothesis HA hectare ha Mr., Mrs., base of natural logarithm e kilogram kg AM, PM, etc. catch per unit effort CPUE kilometer km all commonly-accepted coefficient of variation CV liter L professional titles e.g., Dr., Ph.D., common test statistics (F, t, χ2, etc.) meter m R.N., etc. confidence interval CI milliliter mL at @ correlation coefficient (multiple) R millimeter mm compass directions: correlation coefficient (simple) r east E covariance cov Weights and measures (English) north N degree (angular ) ° cubic feet per second ft3/s south S degrees of freedom df foot ft west W expected value E gallon gal copyright greater than > inch in corporate suffixes: greater than or equal to ≥ mile mi Company Co. harvest per unit effort HPUE nautical mile nmi Corporation Corp. less than < ounce oz Incorporated Inc. less than or equal to ≤ pound lb Limited Ltd. logarithm (natural) ln quart qt District of Columbia D.C. logarithm (base 10) log yard yd et alii (and others) et al. logarithm (specify base) log2, etc. et cetera (and so forth) etc. minute (angular) ' Time and temperature exempli gratia (for example) e.g. not significant NS day d Federal Information Code FIC null hypothesis HO degrees Celsius °C id est (that is) i.e. percent % degrees Fahrenheit °F latitude or longitude lat. or long. probability P degrees kelvin K monetary symbols (U.S.) $, ¢ probability of a type I error (rejection of the hour h months (tables and figures) first three null hypothesis when true) α minute min letters (Jan,...,Dec) probability of a type II error (acceptance of second s registered trademark the null hypothesis when false) β trademark second (angular) " Physics and chemistry United States (adjective) U.S. standard deviation SD all atomic symbols United States of America (noun) USA standard error SE alternating current AC U.S.C. United States Code variance ampere A U.S. state two-letter abbreviations population Var calorie cal (e.g., AK, WA) sample var direct current DC hertz Hz Measures (fisheries) horsepower hp fork length FL hydrogen ion activity (negative log of) pH mideye-to-fork MEF parts per million ppm mideye-to-tail-fork METF parts per thousand ppt, ‰ standard length SL volts V total length TL watts W SPECIAL PUBLICATION NO. SP1983-002 KODIAK ISLAND AREA LOCAL FISH AND GAME RESOURCE GUIDE by Kodiak Area Native Assoication with assistance from Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, Anchorage Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518-1599 1983 The Division of Subsistence Special Publications series was established for the publication of techniques and procedure manuals, special subject reports to decision-making bodies, symposia and workshop proceedings, application software documentation, in-house lectures, and other documents that do not fit in another publications series of the Division of Subsistence. Most Special Publications are intended for readers generally interested in fisheries, wildlife, and the social sciences; for natural resource technical professionals and managers; and for readers generally interested the subsistence uses of fish and wildlife resources in Alaska. Special Publications are available through the Alaska State Library and on the Internet: http://www.subsistence.adfg.state.ak.us/. Kodiak Area Native Assoication with assistance from Alaska Department of Fish and Game Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 333 Raspberry Road, Anchorage, AK 99518-1599, USA This document should be cited as: KANA (Kodiak Area Native Assoication) with assistance from ADF&G (Alaska Department of Fish and Game). 1983. Kodiak Island area local fish and game resource guide. Alaska Department of Fish and Game Division of Subsistence, Special Publication No. SP1983-002, Anchorage. The Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) administers all programs and activities free from discrimination based on race, color, national origin, age, sex, religion, marital status, pregnancy, parenthood, or disability. The department administers all programs and activities in compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, the Age Discrimination Act of 1975, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. If you believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility please write: ADF&G ADA Coordinator, P.O. Box 115526, Juneau, AK, 99811-5526 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 4040 N. Fairfax Drive, MS 2042, Arlington, VA, 22203 Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street NW, MS 5230, Washington DC 20240 The department’s ADA Coordinator can be reached via phone at the following numbers: (VOICE) 907-465-6077, (Statewide Telecommunication Device for the Deaf) 1-800-478-3648, (Juneau TDD) 907-465-3646, or (FAX) 907-465-6078 For information on alternative formats and questions on this publication, please contact: ADF&G Division of Subsistence at www.subsistence.adfg. state.ak.us. KODIAK ISLAND AREA LOCAL FISH AND GAME RESOURCE GUIDE o PREPARED B"f. THE KODIAK AREA o NATIVE ASSOCIATION WITH ASSISTANCE FhOM THE DEPARTMENT OF FISH. AND GAME DIVISION OF SUBSISTENCE D£C£M8ER /983 TRINITY ISLANDS ACE 8879048 +/r~~~ ~- ./ AarnOWLEI:GEMENTS The Kodiak Area Fish and Game Resource Guide was developed by the Kodiak Area Native Association (KANA) with the assistance of the Alaska Departrrent of Fish and GaIlE, Division of Subsistence. Funding to produce the Guide was obtained by the Association from the U.S. Departrrent of Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. The Kodiak Area Native Association expresses sincerest gratitude to the following individuals, without whose valuable assistance the collection of the information contained in the Guide would not have been possible: Jim Fall, Katie Howard, Bob Schroeder, and Carol SeMRnn of the Alaska Division of SUbsistence; Marlene Aga, Frank Carlson, Connie Chya, Sonja Delgado, David Eluska, Mel Gloria, Pat Lukin, and D:>rothy Pestrikoff, all of whom were survey technicians for the Kodiak Area Native Association. We also thank all the .residents of Kodiak Island ccmnunities who 'generously .' gave of their tine and kno.vledge while participating in the research upon which the Guide is based. i ACE 88190lt9 , -- TABLE OF CONTENTS Ackn<:JW' led.gerrents•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••.••• i List of Tables iv List of Figures. ......................................................... vii Chapter I. Intrcx:iuct ion. .. 1 II. Physiog:raphy and Clirmte 0- 2 III. Re-gional Historj 5 IV. Contemporary Socioeconorrdc Setting•.•.••••••••••••••••••.•••..••.•...7 Kodiak Island•••.••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••..•••••••••••••• 7 Regional Facilities Transportation CamIunications Population City of Kodiak. ................................................... .10 History Village Facilities Economy Akhiok••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••• • 12 History Population Village Facilities Econany Ka..rll.lk.. ..•....••.•........................•......................... 14 History Population Village Facilities Econany ACE 8879050 ii LArsen Ba.y •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 History Population Village Facilities Economy Old .Haroor........•...•................•........•••.....•.•..•.....•18 History Population Village Facilities Economy 0t..1z ink.ie 20 History Population Village Facilities Econany RJrt LiOIlS ••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• 22 History Population Village Facilities Econany V. Stlrv'ey MethodolC)gY ..............•...•......•....••..•....•..........25 VI. Survey Results•.••.......•........•......•..........................30 Mean Household .HaIVests•...•............••........•........•..•.....30 Mean Numbers and Weight of Fish and Game Used •••••••••••••.•.••.••••35 Household Participation in .Harvests•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••42 Di.et Breadth...••.•..•...•.•...........•.•.••.•.....•..•..•.•..•...•42 I)esiroo Use l.evels••...••....•.•.•..........•........••.•....••..••••42 Olanges in Wlid Reso~ce Use •..............•••..•......... • •• 47 iii ACE 8819051 • Estimated Total Harvest and Harvest Weight ••....•.•••••.••..•.••.•.•52 Domestic Use of Commercial Catches 57 Distribution and Exchange 57 Resollrce Use Areas 75 Seasonal Rollnds ...................................•.........•.•.....83 VII. Issues- and Concerns 90 VIII. References Citoo 93 Ap,I:endix A•..•••••••..•.....•••••••...••..••.••.......•••..•....•... 94 Ap})eooix B 96 ACE 8879052 iv List of Tables