F I3Z 1 rice SO Cents. iLUENBERGf:^, S ^^0GKr IStpZBlTBER < W THE STATE OF NEW JERSEY, CONTAINTNO Brikf T >es^ RiPTrvE Sketches 0*' all Counties, Cities, Towns and Post Vil- LA(r£s IN the State, Showing their Location, Railroad, Postal, Express and. Telegraph Fa tlities, Industrial Re- sources, Banks, Ci-./kches, Poiulation, ei-c. with Censv T"t.es and WrrH Township and railroad Map, • JJiiriiiit l^t'iiilii Jyi f'l'i'fnrt'. TtidiKi' NEW JERSEY PUBLISHING COMPANY, NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. J 1 >n^ I , FJew Jepsev One of the MidtUe Atlantic States and one of the orij^inal thirtoou, is bounded N. by New York, E. by the Hudson Kiver and the Athmtic Ocean, S. by the Atlantic Ocean and Delaware Bay, and W. l^y the Delaware Bay and lliver, which separate it from Delaware and Pennsyl- vania. It covers an area of 7815 square miles, its greatest length being 107^4 miles from lat. 38 56' to 41'^ 21' N., with an extreme breadth of 59 miles in W. Ion. 73*' C V and 75" 33'. At the narrowest point, between Bordentown and South / Jiboy, the State is about 35 miles in width. It has a direct coast line of 120 miles, and besides its bordering rivers, the Hudson and Delaware, its principal streams are the Passaic, Hackensack, and Earitan. Topographically New Jersey is characterized by three well marked divisions. The northern portion of the State is hilly and monutainous, ^^e- ing traversed in a direction S. E. and N. W. by the Blue or Kittatinnv ud the Highland ranges of moimtains, the former of which rise to an altitude of 1800 feet near the New York line, and thence form an imbrokeu ridge to "the Delaware Water Gap," while the latter reach their highest point at Rutherford's Hill or Hamburg Mountain, which is 1488 feet above the sea. Between these ranges lies the beautiful and fertile Kittatinny Valley, about 39 miles in length by 10 in breadth, and at an elevation of from 500 to C50 feet. Some twenty miles east of the Highland Range the Palisades, a wall of perpendicular trap-rocks, from 200 to 500 feet high, sti*etch along the western bank of the Hudson for 15 miles, forming one of the grandest features of its scenery. The central portion of the State is a rolUng country, and the remaining three-fifths extending south and eastward, are nearly level, the Navesink Hills opposite Sandy Hook, 375 feet above the sea, being the principal elevations. Much of the southern part is sandy and covered by pine forests. The iive geological belts crossing tlie State from N. E. to S. W. abound in mineral wealth. The Silurian and Devonian formations of the N. W. furnish large quantities of excellent roofing-slate, building- and fiag- Btones, magnesian limestone and rich hematites. The Highland or Shaw- POCKET GAZETTEER OF NEW JERSEY. angunk Mountains are generally of stratified azoic rocks, and afford zinc ores, Franklinite, gneiss, and magnetic iron ores. Southeast of these comes a triassic plateau, mucli broken by trap-dikes, and j'ielding copper ores, red sandstone for building uses, etc., and still further southeast is a belt of the cretaceous -with extensive deposits of pure marl, clay marl and shell marls, molding sand, fire clay, porcelain and potter's clay of excellent quality. The remainder of the State is mainly of the tertiary and quarter- nary times, furnishing such usefiil geological products as bog iron ox'e, peat, and glass sand. Grapjjite or plumbago occurs in several parts of Morris and Passaic counties, and has been mined ^Yith profit ; nickel has also been discovered, but in small quantities. Altogether mineralogists enumerate iipwards of 160 different minerals found in the State. A large portion of all the building- and paving-stones for the great cities around New York Bay are supplied by this State, and Trinity Church in New York City is a sample of brown sand-stone from New Jersey's quarries. The annual mean temperature of the N. end ranges from 48*^ to 50°, while that of the S. end is between 53" and 54°. The annual rainfall is about 44 inches. In the neighborhood of the marshes malarial diseases prevail, but as a whole the State is eminently healthful. Among its industrial resources the agriculture of New Jersey forms a very important interest. There are 59,214 persons engaged in the culti- vation of the 34,307 farms in the State. The average value per acre is $82.52 for cleared land, and '^^56.82 for wood-land. The live-stock is re- ported to be worth about $30,000,000. Hay, cereal grains, sweet and other potatoes constitute the principal crops, aggregating a value of about black-berries, rasp- $25,000,000 annually ; apples, cider, pears, peaches, berries, strawberries, etc. are also important products, and the sales of milk, butter, wood, hops, tobacco, grass- clover- garden- and flower-seeds, 1 nursery trees and plants foot up a large total. Cranberry culture is a liberal source of revenue in the marsh region near the coast, the proceeds for a single year having amounted to $3,000,000, A>hile market-gardening is carried on extensively and profitably throughout the central sections near New York and Philadelphia. Another successful industry is found in the fisheries of the State, which include deep-sea-fishing, the oyster- trade, the taking of shad, bass, sturgeon, etc. in the rivers, and the cap- ture of menhaden and other fish for oil and fish guano. Small menhaden POCKET GAZETTEER OF NEW JERSEY, are packed in oil and sold for sardines. The anchovy abounds in the waters of New Jersey, and the highly-prized bluefifih, slicepslicad, and Spanish mackei'el are extensively caught. The State has a board of fish commissioners, who have done much for the advancement of the fresh- water fisheries, and have very successf ull}- stocked the Delaware with black bass. Latest reports place the value of the sea fisheries at $1,115,154, that of the oyster trade at $2,080,025. In manufactures New Jersey ranks as one of the leading states in the Union. The natural advantages of location —between the Pennsylvania coal region and the great Atlantic coast markets, — an amplitude of water power, together with excellent transportational facilities, have greatly aided the development of her resources and the growth of her enterprise. In 1880, according to the census of that year, there were 7128 manufacturing establishments in the State with invested capital of §100,220,51)3, employ- ing 120,030 hands; the wages paid during the year amounted to $40,083, 045; value of materials $105,285,779; value of products $254,380,230. Boots, shoes, brick-s, beer, cars, carriages, carpets, chemicals, clothing, cot- ton goods, fire-brick, flour, glass, hardware, hats, india-rubber goods, jewelry, leather, leathern goods, lumber, machinery, morocco, paints, sad- dlery, soap, tiles, tin-ware, trunks, wall-jiaiier, and woolen goods are among the leading articles of manufacture, and the silk mills of Paterson, the iron works in the counties of jMorris, Sussex, and "Warren, the steel, zinc, and blacklead works of Jersey City, and the potteries of Trenton are all noted for the extent of their production and the excellence of their work. The development of the iron industry has been steady and rapid, the pro- duction having increased from about 10,000 tons in 1790 to 757,372 tons o( ore mined in 1880, while the annual production of zinc ore has ranged from 15,000 to 22,000 tuns for a number of years. The aggregate amount of plastic clays dug annually from a belt of superior quality in Middlesex County is 250,000 tons, worth at least $1,000,000. New Jersey is divided into six customs districts, of which the ports of entry are Newark, Perth Amboy, Great Egg Har1)or, Tuekerton, Bridgeton, and Lamberton. There is a large coasting but a small foreign trade, the latter passing almost entirely through New York and Philadelphia. Be- sides the coast line and the principal streams already mentioned there are the AVallkill, Navesiuk, Shark, Matasquau, Metedeconk, Tom's, Little Egg 6 POCKET G.VZETTEER OP NEW JERSEY. Harbor, Great Egg Harbor, Maurice, Cohansey, Rancocas, Millstoue, Mus- conetcong, and Paiilinskill rivers. Of these a number in the lower part of the State are navigable tidal streams which, with the " thoroughfares," or navigable channels in the salt marshes, afford considerable extent of inland navigation. This is still farther increased by the Morris canal, extending 101 miles from Jersey City to Phillipsburg, and by the Delaw^are and Rar- itan canal, connecting Bordentown on the Delaware with New Brunswick on the Earitau, a distance of 43 miles, exclusive of a feeder, 22 miles long, from Bull's Island to Trenton. The latter canal is a channel of steamboat communication between New York and Philadelphia. Along the eastern coast there is a series of bays and sounds fenced from the ocean by long spits of sand, broken by inlets, and here a great number of summer re- sorts have sprung up ; the best known among these are Long Branch, Asbury Park, Ocean Grove, Atlantic City, Beach Haven, Barnegat, Tuck- erton, and Cape Ma}'. Other places of interest in the State are the Dela- ware Water Gap, at Dunnfield; Passaic Falls, atPaterson; Lake Green- W'ood in Passaic County ; Lake Hopatcong in Morris County ; and the mineral spring at Schooley's Mountain, one of the many 'ridges of the Highland Range. Twenty-one railroads with their numerous branches traverse the State, affording excellent accommodations, and paj'ing a large annual revenue into the treasury of the Commonwealth.