A short sample list of 100+ gaps in the fossil record as of 2013 compiled by Piotr Gałecki Global gaps in the fossil record (the collumn nr 6: "Gap") are presented in millions of years Nr The gap subject name The gap subject description Older fossils Younger speciemens Gap Comments 1. Albanerpeton a genus of salamander-like Albanerpeton nexuosus, A. Albanerpeton inexpectatum 37 The Cretaceous fossils were reported in 1981 lissamphibian (the galaktion (Late Cretaceous, (Paleogene, Oligocene, MP (Estes) and 2000 (Gardner), the Oligocene subclass Lissamphibia in Lancian/upper Maastrichtian: 30 / Chattian: 28.4 - 23 Ma) species was described in 2008 (Böhme) the class Amphibia) 70.6 - 65.5 Ma) 2. Alvarezsauroidea a superfamily of dinosaurs Haplocheirus sollers (Late Alnashetri cerropoliciensis 63 The Late Jurassic species was reported in 2010 in the clade Maniraptora Jurassic, Oxfordian: ~160 (early Late Cretaceous, (Choiniere, Xu, Clark, Forster, Guo, & Han), the Ma) Cenomanian: ~97 Ma) Cenomanian specimen was described in 2012 (Makovicky, Apesteguía & Gianechini) 3. Amiidae (bowfin) a family of ray-finned fish Guizhouamia bellula (Middle Nipponamia satoi (Early 77 The Triassic species was described in 2002 (Liu, (the class Actinopterygii) in Triassic, Cretaceous, Neocomian: Yin & Wang), the Early Cretaceous fossil was the order Amiiformes Longobardian/Ladinian: 242 145.5 - 130 Ma) or Amiidae reported in 1994 (Yabumoto) and a possible - 235 Ma) indet. (Upper Jurassic, Jurassic specimen of Amiidae was described in Kimmeridgian: 157.3 - 152.1 2005 (Kriwet) Ma) 4. Amphiuma a genus of aquatic Amphiuma jepseni Amphiuma antica (Miocene, 40 The Paleocene fossil was described in 1969 salamanders, the only (Paleocene, Tiffanian: 61.7 - Barstovian: 16.0 - 13.6 Ma) (Estes), the one from Miocene in 1977 (Holman) extant genus within the 56.8 Ma) family Amphiumidae 5. basal Anguilliformes basal members of the Anguillavus mazeni, Protanguilla palau (Recent, 0 100 The presented Cenomanian fossils were (basal eels) order Anguilliformes (eels) Luenchelys minimus (Late Ma) reported in 2003 (Belouze, Gayet & Atallah), the in the superorder Cretaceous, Cenomanian: living basal eel was described in 2012 (Johnson, Elopomorpha of ray-finned 100.5 – 93.9 Ma) Ida, Sakaue, Sado, Asahida & Miya). The gap is fishes assumed to be twice as large (200 Ma) 6. Anomalocarididae a family of marine animals unnamed anomalocaridid Schinderhannes bartelsi 62 The Ordovician specimen was reported in 2011 in the order Radiodonta (Early Ordovician, late (Lower Devonian, latest (Van Roy & Briggs), the Devonian species was (the class Dinocarida of the Tremadocian - late Floian: Pragian - early Emsian: 408 - described in 2009 (Kühl, Briggs & Rust) phylum Arthropoda) 485 - 470 Ma) 400 Ma) 7. Archaeognatha, an order of wingless Dasyleptus brongniarti Dasyleptus triassicus 32 The Permian fossil was described in 1957 (Machilida, Monura, insects (Permian, Guadalupian, (Middle Triassic, Late (Sharov), the one from Triassic in 2011 (Bechly Microcoryphia, Roadian: 272.5 - 268 Ma) Ladinian : ~236 Ma) & Stockar) jumping bristletails) 1 / 18 Nr The gap subject name The gap subject description Older fossils Younger speciemens Gap Comments 8. Ascidiacea (sea a class of sac-like marine Ascidites dubius, Didemnum a number of species, e.g. 98 The Early Jurassic species were described in squirts) invertebrates in the minutum, Didemnoides Bonetia acuta, B. brevis, B. 1971 (Bonet and Benveniste-Velasquez), their subphylum Tunicata rosetta (Early Jurassic, quasitruncata, B. truncata, occurance in the Late Jurassic was reported in (Urochordata) Toarcian: 182.5 – 174 Ma; Rigaudia multiradiata, R. 2000 (Osman Varol, 8th International Late Jurassic, early praecisa, Micrascidites Nannoplankton Association Conference), the Kimmeridgian: 157.5 – 154 pauciradiatus, Monniotia Eocene species have been reported a number of Ma) acuformis, M. fasciculata times since 1949 (Deflandre-Riguard ), those (Paleogene, Eocene: 56 – 34 mentioned here were described in 1996 (Varol & Ma) Houghton) 9. Boavus affinis a species of the true boas (Middle Eocene, Late Uintan (Middle Miocene, Early 21 The Eocene fossil was described in 1955 (the subfamily Boinae), – Duchesnian / Bartonian: 43 Barstovian / Langhian: 16 – (Brattstrom), the one from Miocene was snakes in the infraorder - 37.2 Ma) 13.6 Ma) reported in 1996 (Holman) Alethinophidia (advanced snakes) 10. Bobbodus a genus of fish in the B. schaefferi (Permian, B. xerxesi (Permian, 36 The early Permian fossil was reported in 1996 family Eugeneodontidae of Cisuralian, Asselian: 299 – Lopingian, Wuchiapingian: (Schultze & West), the late Permian specimen the order Eugeneodontida 295 Ma) 259 – 254 Ma) was described in 2013 (Hampe, Hairapetian, (Eugeneodontiformes) in Dorka, Witzmann, Akbari & Korn) the class Chondrichthyes 11. Bowenia a genus of cycads (the Bowenia eocenica, B. Bowenia spectabilis, 37 The Eocene species were reported in 1978 (Hill), order Cycadales) Bowenia papillosa (Middle Bowenia serrulata / the the extant species were described in 1863 Eocene: 48.6 - 37.2) Byfield Fern (Recent: 0 Ma) (Hooker) and in 1878 (Bull) respectively 12. Brachionichthyidae a family of fish in the order Histionotophorus bassani 5 extant genera and a 41 The extant genus Brachionichthys (Lacépède, (handfish) Lophiiformes (Anglerfishes) (Eocene, Lutetian: 47.8 - number of species, e.g. 1804) is now assumed to include the only fossil 41.3) Brachionichthys hirsutus speciemen which was described in 1887 (De (Recent: 0 Ma) Zigno) 13. Chigutisauridae a family of large (8 to 16 Siderops kehli (Early Koolasuchus cleelandi (Early 50 The Jurassic species was reported in 1983 ft) labyrinthodont Jurassic, Upper Liassic / Cretaceous, Aptian: 125.5 - (Warren and Hutchinson), the Cretaceous one amphibians in the order Pliensbachian - Toarcian: 112 Ma) was described in 1997 (Warren, Rich & Vickers- Temnospondyli 189.6 - 175.6 Ma) Rich) 14. Chlorogomphida a clade of dragonflies in Araripechlorogomphus a number of extant species, 112 The first fossil chlorogomphid was reported in the suborder Anisoptera muratai (Lower Cretaceous, e.g. Chlorogomphus 2002 (Bechly &Ueda), the type species for the (true dragonflies) Upper Aptian : 122.5 - 112 magnificus (Recent: 0 Ma) extant genus Chlorogomphus was described in Ma) 1854 (Selys) A short sample list of 100+ gaps in the fossil record as of 2013 compiled by Piotr Gałecki 2 / 18 Nr The gap subject name The gap subject description Older fossils Younger speciemens Gap Comments 15. Cimbrophlebiidae a family of insects in the Telobittacus fragosus (Early Cimbrophlebia bittaciformis, 69 The Cretaceous species was described in 1993 (hangingfly) order Mecoptera Cretaceous, Late/Upper C. brooksi , C. flabelliformis, (Zhang) and the Eocene fossils were reported in (scorpionflies) Hauterivian - Early/Lower C. leahyi, C. westae (Eocene, 1977 (Willmann) and 2009 (Archibald) Barremian: 136.4 - 125.4 Ypresian: 56.0 - 47.8 Ma) Ma) 16. Coelacanthimorpha a class of lobe-finned fish Megalocoelacanthus dobiei, Latimeria chalumnae, 65 Lazarus taxon, prior to 1938 it was known only (Sarcopterygii) including Mawsoniidae indet. (Late Latimeria menadoensis from fossils ranging from Devonian to an order Cretaceous, Maastrichtian: (Recent: 0 Ma) Cretaceous. Latimeria itself is considered to be Coelacanthiformes 70.6 - 65.5 Ma) a sister taxon of the Late Jurassic genus Swenzia (coelacanth), its suborder and closely related to the Cretaceous genus Latimeroidei and an extant Macropoma. The latest Cretaceous speciemens family Latimeriidae were described in 1994 (Schwimmer, Steward & Williams) and 2005 (Cavin, Forey, Buffetaut & Tong) respectively. The living representatives were reported in 1939 (Smith) and 1999 (Pouyaud, Wirjoatmodjo, Rachmatika, Tjakrawidjaja, Hadiaty & Hadie) respectively. 17. Collembola an order of hexapods in Rhyniella praecursor (Early Permobrya mirabilis 120 The Devonian species was described in 1926 (springtails) the class Entognatha Devonian, Siegenian / (Permian, Cisuralian, Middle (Hirst & Maulik), the one from the Permian in Pragian: ~410 Ma) Ecca / Artinskian: 290 - 1976 (Riek) 279.5 Ma) 18. Collembola [see above] Permobrya mirabilis Grinnellia ventis, 179 The Permian species was reported in 1976 (springtails) (Permian, Cisuralian, Middle Sminthuricinus deceptus, (Riek), the Middle Cretaceous fossils were Ecca / Artinskian: 290 - Mucrovirga incompleta, described in 2006 (Christiansen & Nascimbene) 279.5 Ma) Sminthurconus grimaldi, Villusisotoma brevis, Villusisotoma longa, Proisotoma pettersonae, Burmisotoma lamellifera, Protoisotoma burma, Propachyotoma conica, Protodesoria granda, Protodontella minicornis, Praentomobrya avita, Cretacentomobrya burma (mid-Cretaceous, Early/Lower Cenomanian: 99.6 - 93.5 Ma) A short sample list of 100+ gaps in the fossil record as of 2013 compiled by Piotr Gałecki 3 / 18 Nr The gap subject name The gap subject description Older fossils Younger speciemens Gap Comments 19. Cteniogenys a genus in the family C. antiquus (Late Jurassic, C. antiquus (Late 68 A number of late Jurassic speciemens were Cteniogenidae of the order Early/Lower Tithonian: 150.8 Cretaceous, Judithian / reported, e.g. in 2000 (Foster & Trujillo), the late Choristodera - 145.5 Ma) middle Campanian: ~77.5 Cretaceous fossils were described in 1998 (Gao Ma) & Fox) 20. Cyphophthalmi (mite a suborder of arachnids in Palaeosiro burmanicum Siro platypedibus, Siro 44 The Cenomanian fossil was reported in 2008 harvestmen) the order Opiliones (Upper Cretaceous,