This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 372 Section 4 Machining Processes and the saw blade is pulled through the material. CHAPTER 23 8PSLJOH,OPXMFEHF This makes it easier to cut long lumber into shorter .FBTVSF BDDVSBUFMZ $BCJOFUNBLFST BSF lengths. PGUFO SFNJOEFE UP iNFBTVSF UXJDF DVU PODFu Material may be too long or heavy to control 4BXJOHXJUI4UBUJPOBSZ 3FNFNCFSUPDIFDLUIFIPPLPOUIFFOEPGZPVS on some stationary saws. You could cut it to rough UBQF NFBTVSF PGUFO FTQFDJBMMZ JG JU IBT CFFO size first with a portable circular saw. Full-size 1PXFS.BDIJOFT ESPQQFE5IFIPPLDBOHFUCFOU SFTVMUJOHJOBO sheets of plywood, particleboard, or other com- JOBDDVSBUFSFBEJOH posite materials are best cut on either a horizontal or vertical panel saw. Table saws with accessories that extend the capacity of the table may also be used. Some of these accessories are discussed in )BOEFEOFTT Chapter 38. Problems with machine operations can be caused 0CKFDUJWFT Sawing with stationary power machines is the by handedness. This refers to whether the user is left 5JMUJOH"SCPS5BCMF4BX or right-handed. In this book, right-handed setups most fundamental processing operation in cabinet- A tilting-arbor table saw has either a left-tilting After studying this chapter, you should be able to: and operations are illustrated. A left-handed person making. Cabinetmakers use table saws, radial arm arbor or a right-tilting arbor, depending on manufac- • Select stationary power saws for making may follow them as shown, or reverse the setups. saws, band saws, panel saws, and scroll saws to cut turer and model. Some manufacturers make both. straight or curved cuts. However, some sawing operations should be set up wood and composite materials. Although sawing is The tilting-arbor table saw is also known as a table • one way. An example is beveling with the table saw. Discuss the proper operation of stationary also an integral part of other cabinetmaking opera- saw, circular saw, or variety saw. It has the following It is described later in the chapter. power saws. tions, such as joint making, this chapter focuses on major components: • Choose the most appropriate saw blade for a the challenges of sawing to size and shape. • Horizontal table on a machine frame. Stationary power-sawing machines are designed given operation. • Circular blade that extends up through a table for either straight-line or curved-line cuts. However, 4BXJOH4USBJHIU-JOFT • Maintain stationary power equipment. insert. saws used to cut curves can also cut a straight line, if a Sawing straight lines is a standard operation • Tilting arbor that adjusts the blade angle from straightedge or fence is used. Selecting the proper saw for reducing stock to workpiece dimensions. Saw- 0° to 45°. 5FDIOJDBM5FSNT involves several decisions: ing stock square (all corners are 90°) is essential to • Select the safest saw for the cut you want to • Motor. anti-kickback pawls radial arm saw produce high-quality products. Blade selection is make. also important. You may be sawing solid wood or There are several features on a table saw. See band saw relief cuts • Choose an appropriate saw for the cut. composite materials, such as plywood or MDF pan- Figure 23-1 . The blade-raising device changes the beveling resawing • Have prior instruction and experience with the els. The proper blade often depends on whether the blade height. It is usually a handwheel. A tilting blade guard rip fence machine. material has grain or not. device changes the blade angle. It is also usually a The most accurate straight-line sawing is done handwheel. The tilt scale displays the blade angle. blade guides ripping • If more than one saw is appropriate, choose the on equipment having a circular saw blade. The Most blade-control handwheels have a lock knob to blade-raising device riving knife one that is most efficient. diameter of the blade helps keep the cut straight. Sta- prevent them from moving, once set. chip load saw trunnion Once you have chosen the machine, consider the tionary power saws that use a circular blade include The switch should be within easy reach at the crosscutting scoring blade following suggestions for safe and efficient opera- the tilting-arbor table saw, tilting table saw, horizon- front of the table. On newer machines, the on switch tion of the saw: tal and vertical panel saw, beam saw, and radial arm is often recessed into the switch plate. This prevents dado scroll saw • With the switch off, disconnect the power and the machine from accidentally being turned on if grinds sliding table saw. Other specialized stationary machines, such as lock out the machine before performing major straight-line rip saws and cutoff saws, use circular someone bumps into the switch plate. The off switch guidepost splitter setup steps, such as changing blades and blades, but are not discussed here. The maximum is above or next to the switch plate and may be larger gullet stationary power-sawing setting the fence. recommended blade diameter that can be installed is for ease of operation. Key-type switches can keep handedness machines • Be sure the saw blade is clean and sharp. determined by machine size. Blades vary from 8″ to inexperienced operators from running the machine, ″ ″ hook angle stop • Install and adjust point-of-operation guards. 16 (203 mm to 406 mm) or more, with 10 (254 mm) assuming the key is removed and access to the key being most common for table saws. is controlled. interior cut stop block • Support material before and after the cut. Material is guided past the blade on tilting- Saw manufacturers may offer additional acces- thrust bearing • miter cut Feed material into the saw properly. arbor saws or tilting table saws. You must support sories to complement their basic machines. Other miter gauge tilting-arbor table saw • Ensure dust collection is operating. the material before and after the cut. The saw table manufacturers, called aftermarket providers, offer outside cut tilting device may be large enough to do the supporting. However, many accessories that may provide for greater for long stock or full sheets of manufactured panels, capacity, improved accuracy, and easier material overhead guard U-shaped cut obtain additional supports, such as table extensions, handling. Additional benefits of these accesso- plough rollers, sliding tables, or another person. The radial ries are improved safety, and increased efficiency. arm saw has an advantage over table saws for sup- Several aftermarket accessories are discussed in porting stock. The material is placed on the table Chapter 38. $PQZSJHIU(PPEIFBSU8JMMDPY$P *OD 371 $PQZSJHIU(PPEIFBSU8JMMDPY$P *OD This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 23 Sawing with Stationary Power Machines 373 374 Section 4 Machining Processes set the fence. It may also be equipped with a digi- 3JQ 5SVOOJPONPVOUFE tal readout device (DRO), Figure 23-2. Make minor GFODF CMBEFHVBSE .JUFSHBVHF adjustments for the blade-to-fence distance before 5TMPU clamping the fence. 5BCMFFYUFOTJPO .JUFS(BVHF A miter gauge controls the cutting of narrow workpieces at angles other than parallel to the blade. It is usually adjustable through a 120° swing. Depend- ing on the manufacturer, a 0° or 90° setting positions the gauge perpendicular to the blade for squaring material to length. The miter gauge slides in table slots that are found on either side of the blade. On some machines, these are T-slots. The miter gauge #MBEFUJMUXIFFM slide has a matching T shape. It can be inserted only XJUIMPDL at the front edge of the table. The T-slot design keeps the miter gauge from tipping or accidentally being lifted out of the slot. .BJOQPXFS %VTUDPMMFDUJPO 4MJEJOH5BCMF " EJTDPOOFDU To improve accuracy when cutting wider work- pieces, select a saw with a sliding table or a sliding table accessory. A sliding table provides easier han- dling of large panels. See Figure 23-3. -BHVOB5PPMT &YUFOTJPOUBCMF 'JHVSF 5IJTBGUFSNBSLFUTMJEJOHUBCMFDBOCF BEEFEUPNPTUUBCMFTBXTUPNBLFDSPTTDVUUJOHFBTJFS 5BCMFJOTFSU +JHTBOE"DDFTTPSJFT If either the fence or miter gauge will not per- form an operation safely and accurately, you may Commercially available accessories include tenoning buy or build a jig to hold the workpiece and guide jigs and sliding table attachments. Refer to Chapter 38. the tool. User-made jigs must be sturdy and hold the workpiece firmly. Make the jig of solid stock, plywood, or fiberboard. It might clamp to the rip #MBEF(VBSET 'FODFMPDL fence or miter gauge. You can also attach wood 0OPGGTXJUDI MFWFS A blade guard is an essential accessory because strips to the jig bottom so it slides in both table slots. it keeps your hands away from the blade and helps control sawdust. It may mount on the saw trunnion .PUPSDPWFS or attach to the table edge. A trunnion-mounted guard is bolted to the saw .JUFSHBVHF trunnion, Figure 23-4. This is the main machine #MBEFIFJHIUXIFFM XJUIMPDLLOPC 5JMUTDBMF "EKVTUBCMFMFHT # 4BX4UPQ--$ 'JHVSF 5IFUBCMFTBXIBTBOVNCFSPGGFBUVSFTBOEBEKVTUNFOUT"#BDLWJFX#'SPOUWJFX (VJEJOH.BUFSJBM 3JQ'FODF A rip fence guides material so it moves paral- When using a table saw, the material must be lel to the blade. It is typically in place when ripping guided past the blade. A rip fence, miter gauge, slid- stock to width. The fence, on a guide bar or tubes, ing table, or jigs and accessories are used to guide 1BUSJDL".PM[BIO 4BX4UPQ--$ is locked in place by a fence clamp. A scale may be the material. 'JHVSF "SJQTDBMFNBZCFTVQQMFNFOUFEXJUIB 'JHVSF 5IJTCMBEFHVBSEJTNPVOUFEUPUIFTBX printed on or etched into the guide bar to help you EJHJUBMSFBEPVU %30 USVOOJPOVOEFSUIFUBCMF $PQZSJHIU(PPEIFBSU8JMMDPY$P *OD $PQZSJHIU(PPEIFBSU8JMMDPY$P *OD This sample chapter is for review purposes only. Copyright © The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 23 Sawing with Stationary Power Machines 375 376 Section 4 Machining Processes part that supports the motor and blade.