The LYX User’s Guide by the LYX Team∗ Version 1.6.x April 28, 2010 ∗ If you have comments or error corrections, please send them to the LYX Documentation mailing list: [email protected] Contents 1. Getting Started1 1.1. What is LYX?...............................1 1.2. How LYX Looks..............................1 1.3. HELP...................................2 1.4. Basic LYX Setup.............................2 1.5. LATEX Setup................................2 2. How to work with LYX3 2.1. Basic File Operations...........................3 2.2. Basic Editing Features..........................4 2.3. Undo and Redo..............................5 2.4. Mouse Operations.............................5 2.5. Navigating.................................6 2.6. Input / Word Completion.........................6 2.7. Basic Key Bindings............................7 3. LYX Basics9 3.1. Document Types.............................9 3.1.1. Introduction............................9 3.1.2. Document Classes.........................9 3.1.3. Document Layout......................... 12 3.1.4. Paper Size and Orientation................... 12 3.1.5. Margins.............................. 13 3.1.6. Important Note.......................... 13 3.2. Paragraph Indentation and Separation................. 13 3.2.1. Introduction............................ 13 3.2.2. Paragraph Separation....................... 14 3.2.3. Fine-Tuning............................ 14 3.2.4. Line Spacing........................... 14 3.3. Paragraph Environments......................... 15 3.3.1. Overview............................. 15 3.3.2. Standard.............................. 16 3.3.3. Document Title.......................... 16 3.3.4. Headings.............................. 16 3.3.5. Quotes and Poetry line spacing................. 18 3.3.6. Lists................................ 20 i Contents 3.3.7. Letters............................... 24 3.3.8. Academic Writing......................... 25 3.3.9. LYX-Code............................. 26 3.4. Nesting Environments.......................... 27 3.4.1. Introduction............................ 27 3.4.2. What You Can and Can’t Nest................. 27 3.4.3. Nesting Other Things: Tables, Math, Floats, etc........ 29 3.4.4. Usage and General Features................... 30 3.4.5. Some Examples.......................... 31 3.5. Spacing, pagination and line breaks................... 35 3.5.1. Protected Space.......................... 35 3.5.2. Horizontal Space......................... 35 3.5.3. Vertical Space........................... 38 3.5.4. Paragraph Alignment....................... 38 3.5.5. Forced Page Breaks........................ 39 3.5.6. Forced Line Breaks........................ 39 3.5.7. Horizontal Lines.......................... 40 3.6. Characters and Symbols......................... 40 3.7. Fonts and Text Styles........................... 40 3.7.1. Font Types............................ 40 3.7.2. Document Font and Font size.................. 41 3.7.3. Using Different Character Styles................. 42 3.7.4. Fine-Tuning with the Text Style dialog............. 43 3.8. Printing and Previewing......................... 46 3.8.1. Overview............................. 46 3.8.2. Output file formats........................ 46 3.8.3. Previewing............................. 48 3.8.4. Printing the File from within LYX................ 48 3.9. A few Words about Typography..................... 49 3.9.1. Hyphens.............................. 49 3.9.2. Hyphenation............................ 49 3.9.3. Punctuation Marks........................ 50 3.9.4. Ligatures............................. 51 3.9.5. LYX’s Proper Names....................... 52 3.9.6. Units................................ 52 3.9.7. Widows and Orphans....................... 53 4. Notes, Graphics, Tables, and Floats 55 4.1. Notes.................................... 55 4.2. Footnotes................................. 55 4.3. Marginal Notes.............................. 56 4.4. Graphics and Images........................... 56 4.4.1. Image Formats.......................... 57 4.4.2. Grouping of Image Settings................... 58 ii Contents 4.5. Tables................................... 58 4.5.1. The Table dialog......................... 58 4.5.2. Longtables............................. 59 4.5.3. Table Cells............................ 61 4.6. Floats................................... 62 4.6.1. Float Types............................ 63 4.6.2. Rotated Floats.......................... 65 4.6.3. Float Placement......................... 66 4.7. Minipages................................. 68 5. Mathematical Formulas 69 5.1. Basic Math Editing............................ 69 5.1.1. Navigating in Formulas...................... 69 5.1.2. Selecting Text........................... 70 5.1.3. Exponents and Subscripts.................... 70 5.1.4. Fractions.............................. 70 5.1.5. Roots............................... 71 5.1.6. Operators with Limits...................... 71 5.1.7. Math Symbols........................... 71 5.1.8. Altering Spacing......................... 71 5.1.9. Functions............................. 72 5.1.10. Accents.............................. 72 5.2. Brackets and Delimiters......................... 73 5.3. Arrays and Multi-line Equations..................... 73 5.4. Formula Numbering and Referencing.................. 75 5.5. User defined math macros........................ 76 5.6. Fine-Tuning................................ 76 5.6.1. Typefaces............................. 76 5.6.2. Math Text............................. 77 5.6.3. Font Sizes............................. 77 5.7. Theorem Modules............................. 77 5.8. AMS-LATEX................................ 78 5.8.1. Enabling AMS-Support...................... 78 5.8.2. AMS-Formula Types....................... 78 6. More Tools 79 6.1. Cross-References............................. 79 6.2. Table of Contents and other Listings.................. 80 6.2.1. Table of Contents......................... 80 6.2.2. List of Figures, Tables, and Algorithms............. 81 6.3. URLs and Hyperlinks........................... 81 6.3.1. URLs............................... 81 6.3.2. Hyperlinks............................. 81 6.4. Appendices................................ 82 iii Contents 6.5. Bibliography................................ 82 6.5.1. The Bibliography Environment................. 82 6.5.2. Bibliography databases (BibTEX)................ 83 6.5.3. Bibliography layout........................ 84 6.6. Index.................................... 84 6.6.1. Grouping Index Entries...................... 84 6.6.2. Page Ranges............................ 85 6.6.3. Cross referencing......................... 85 6.6.4. Index Entry Order........................ 85 6.6.5. Index Entry Layout........................ 86 6.6.6. Index Program.......................... 86 6.7. Nomenclature / Glossary........................ 87 6.7.1. Nomenclature Definition and Layout.............. 87 6.7.2. Sort Order of Nomenclature Entries............... 87 6.7.3. Nomenclature Options...................... 88 6.7.4. Printing the Nomenclature.................... 88 6.7.5. Nomenclature Program...................... 89 6.8. Branches.................................. 89 6.9. PDF Properties.............................. 90 6.10. TEX Code and the LATEX Syntax..................... 91 6.10.1. TEX Code Boxes......................... 91 6.10.2. The LATEX Syntax......................... 91 6.11. Previewing Snippets of your Document................. 92 6.12. Spell Checking.............................. 93 6.13. Thesaurus................................. 94 6.14. Change Tracking............................. 94 6.15. International Support........................... 96 6.15.1. Language Options......................... 96 6.15.2. Keyboard mapping configuration................ 96 6.15.3. Character Tables......................... 96 A. The User Interface 99 A.1. The File Menu.............................. 99 A.1.1. New................................ 99 A.1.2. New from Template........................ 99 A.1.3. Open................................ 99 A.1.4. Open Recent........................... 99 A.1.5. Close................................ 99 A.1.6. Close All.............................. 99 A.1.7. Save................................ 100 A.1.8. Save As.............................. 100 A.1.9. Save All.............................. 100 A.1.10.Revert to saved.......................... 100 A.1.11.Version Control.......................... 100 iv Contents A.1.12.Import............................... 100 A.1.13.Export............................... 100 A.1.14.Print................................ 102 A.1.15.Fax................................. 102 A.1.16.New and Close Window..................... 102 A.1.17.Exit................................ 102 A.2. The Edit Menu.............................. 102 A.2.1. Undo and Redo.......................... 102 A.2.2. Cut, Copy, Paste, Paste Recent, Paste Special......... 102 A.2.3. Select All............................. 102 A.2.4. Find & Replace.......................... 102 A.2.5. Move Paragraph Up/Down.................... 102 A.2.6. Text Style............................. 103 A.2.7. Paragraph Settings........................ 103 A.2.8. Table Settings and Math..................... 103 A.2.9. Increase / Decrease List Depth................. 103 A.3. The View Menu.............................. 103 A.3.1. Open/Close all Insets....................... 103 A.3.2. Unfold/Fold Math Macros.................... 104 A.3.3.