Final Report APEC Low Carbon Model Town (LCMT) Project Phase 6: Feasibility Study for Mandaue City Cebu Province, The Philippines Energy Working Group November 2016 APEC Project: EWG 01 2015A Produced by ALMEC Corporation in partnership with Ernst & Young Advisory Co., Ltd. Michi Creative City Designers Inc. For Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat 35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119616 Tel: (65) 68919 600 Fax: (65) 68919 690 Email: [email protected] Website: www.apec.org © 2017 APEC Secretariat APEC#217-RE-01.6 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Scope ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Study Organization and Activities .................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.1 Organization of the Study ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.2.2 Overall Activities ................................................................................................... 1-2 2 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA 2.1 Geography ..................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Climate ........................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 Demography................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.4 Economy ........................................................................................................................ 2-6 2.4.1 Regional Economy ............................................................................................... 2-6 2.4.2 Local Economy ..................................................................................................... 2-6 2.5 City Structure and Traffic Situation ................................................................................ 2-6 2.5.1 Spatial Structure ................................................................................................... 2-6 2.5.2 Transportation and Traffic Situation ..................................................................... 2-9 2.6 Current Energy Situation ............................................................................................. 2-12 3 LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 3.1 Member's Policy, Legislation and Institutional Framework ............................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Energy .................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.1.2 Transport ............................................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.3 Waste Management.............................................................................................. 3-4 3.1.4 Forestry ................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.2 Provincial and Metro Cebu Policy, Legislation and Institutional Framework ................. 3-4 3.2.1 Cebu Provincial Government Location Legislation .............................................. 3-5 3.2.2 Metro Cebu Airshed Governing Board (MCAGB) ................................................ 3-6 3.2.3 The Metro Cebu Development and Coordinating Board (MCDCB) ..................... 3-6 3.2.4 The Roadmap Study for Sustainable Urban Development in Metro Cebu .......... 3-7 3.3 Mandaue City ................................................................................................................. 3-7 3.3.1 The Green Building Ordinance of Mandaue City ................................................. 3-8 4 BASELINE AND REDUCTION TARGETS OF CO2 EMISSIONS 4.1 Setting the Base Year and Target Years ........................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Definition of CO2 Emissions Baseline ............................................................................ 4-1 4.3 Estimation of CO2 Emission Baseline ............................................................................ 4-1 4.3.1 Member Economy Baseline Emissions and Reduction Target ............................ 4-1 4.3.2 Baseline Emissions for Mandaue City .................................................................. 4-4 4.3.3 Estimation of Baseline CO2 Emissions............................................................... 4-18 i 4.4 CO2 Emission Reduction Target ........................................................................ ........ .4-21 5 INTEGRITY WITH APEC LOW-CARBON TOWN INDICATORS (LCT-I) 5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Outlines of LCT-I ............................................................................................................ 5-1 5.3 Preliminary Adoption of LCT-I to the Current Status of Mandaue ................................. 5-1 5.4 Adoption of LCT-I by City Officials and Its Analysis ....................................................... 5-3 5.4.1 Adoption of LCT-I by City Officials ........................................................................ 5-3 5.4.2 Specific features of Mandaue ............................................................................... 5-4 5.4.3 Proof of Efficacy of Evaluations ............................................................................ 5-5 5.4.4 Feedbacks from the Evaluators for the Future Revision and Improvement of LCT-I ................................................................................................................. 5-5 6 CONCEPT OF LOW CARBON MODEL TOWN 6.1 LCMT Approach ............................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 LCMT Concept ............................................................................................................... 6-2 6.3 Low Carbon Measures ................................................................................................... 6-3 6.4 Interconnection between Neighboring Cities ................................................................. 6-3 7 LAND USE PLANNING 7.1 Background and Issues ................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Geographic and Demographic Background ......................................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Economic Background.......................................................................................... 7-2 7.1.3 The Land Use Plan ............................................................................................... 7-2 7.2 Proposed Low Carbon Measures .................................................................................. 7-4 7.2.1 Green Loop ........................................................................................................... 7-4 7.2.2 Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) .................................................................. 7-7 7.3 GHG Reduction Analysis and Cost Estimates ............................................................. 7-12 7.3.1 Examination of LCMT Measures with the Land Use Plan ................................. 7-12 7.3.2 Green Loop Effect and Expected CO2 Reduction .............................................. 7-13 7.3.3 Green Loop Cost Estimate for Mandaue ............................................................ 7-15 7.3.4 Development Effect of the TOD and Expected CO2 Reduction ........................ 7-17 7.3.5 Cost Estimate for TOD Measure ........................................................................ 7-18 8 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING 8.1 Background and Issues ................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Proposed Measures ....................................................................................................... 8-2 8.2.1 Smart Corridor ...................................................................................................... 8-2 8.2.2 E-Trikes ................................................................................................................. 8-5 8.2.3 AGT-CML Line ...................................................................................................... 8-8 8.3 GHG Reduction Analysis and Cost Estimates ............................................................. 8-10 8.3.1 Smart Corridor .................................................................................................... 8-10 ii 8.3.2 E-Trikes ............................................................................................................... 8-13 8.3.3 AGT-CML Line .................................................................................................... 8-14 9 OTHER URBAN SERVICES PLANNING 9.1 Background and Issues ................................................................................................. 9-1 9.2 Proposed Measures ....................................................................................................... 9-1 9.2.1 Renewable Energy ............................................................................................... 9-1 9.2.2 Waste-to-Energy ................................................................................................... 9-2 9.2.3 DHC (District Heating and Cooling) and DCS (District Cooling System) ............. 9-5 9.3 GHG